Hardware

Introduction

Hardware

Home
Computer-architecture
Computer-architecture
- Computer-architecture
- Stored-program-computer
  Stored-program-computer
  - Introduction
  - Function-and-data-model
    Function-and-data-model
    
    Introduction
- Von-Neumann-architecture
  Von-Neumann-architecture
  - Introduction
  - Von-Neumann-bottleneck
    Von-Neumann-bottleneck
    
    Introduction
- Harvard-architecture
  Harvard-architecture
  - Harvard-architecture
  - Modified-Harvard-architecture
- Universal-Turing-machine
- TODO-Turing-machine-VS-Von-Neuman-machine
- TODO-Von-neumann-architecture-VS-Harvard-architecture
Memory
Memory
- Computer-memory
- Random-access-memory
  Random-access-memory
  - Introduction
- Memory-address
Processor(computing)
CPU
CPU
- Introduction
- CPU
- Instruction-set-architectures
  Instruction-set-architectures
  - Introduction
  - Classification
    Classification
    
    Introduction
    
    Load–store-architecture
    Load–store-architecture
    
    Introduction
    
    Register-memory-architecture
    Register-memory-architecture
    
    Introduction
  - Comparison-of-instruction-set-architectures
- Components
  Components
  - Control-unit
  - Processor-register
    Processor-register
    
    Introduction
    
    Program-counter
    
    Stack-register
    
    Status-register
- Execution-of-instruction
  Execution-of-instruction
  - Introduction
  - CPU的时序
  - Instruction-cycle
  - Out-of-order-execution
    Out-of-order-execution
    
    Introduction
  - Speculative
    Speculative
    
    Introduction
    
    Branch-predictor
    Branch-predictor
    
    Introduction
    
    Memory-dependence-prediction
    Memory-dependence-prediction
    
    Introduction
- Optimization
  Optimization
  - Introduction
- Manufacturer
  Manufacturer
  - Introduction
  - Intel
    Intel
    
    Introduction
    
    doc
    doc
    
    Introduction
    
    x86
    x86
    
    x86
    
    Instruction
    Instruction
    
    Introduction
    
    x86-64
    
    x86-instruction-listings
    
    INT
    
    Bound.md
    
    x86-memory-segmentation
    
    Book-x86-assembly
    Book-x86-assembly
    
    Introduction
    
    Book-x86-disassembly
    Book-x86-disassembly
    
    Introduction
    
    Atomicity-on-x86
    Atomicity-on-x86
    
    Introduction
    
    Register
    Register
    
    Introduction
    
    FLAGS-register
  - ARM
    ARM
    
    ARM-architecture
    
    ARM-Assembly-Basics
Modern-CPU
Modern-CPU
- Introduction
- Tendency-toward-parallel-computing
  Tendency-toward-parallel-computing
  - Introduction
  - gotw-The-Free-Lunch-Is-Over-A-Fundamental-Turn-Toward-Concurrency-in-Software
    gotw-The-Free-Lunch-Is-Over-A-Fundamental-Turn-Toward-Concurrency-in-Software
    
    Introduction
  - theregister-The-New-C++Lay-down-your-guns-knives-and-clubs
    theregister-The-New-C++Lay-down-your-guns-knives-and-clubs
    
    Introduction
- Multiprocessing
  Multiprocessing
  - Introduction
  - Symmetric-multiprocessing
    Symmetric-multiprocessing
    
    Introduction
- Multicore-and-multiprocessor
  Multicore-and-multiprocessor
  - Multi-core-processor
  - Multicore-VS-Multiprocessor
- 流水线-超标量-微码-多发射简介
  流水线-超标量-微码-多发射简介
  - Introduction
CPU-memory-access
CPU-memory-access
- Introduction
- What-Every-Programmer-Should-Know-About-Memory
  What-Every-Programmer-Should-Know-About-Memory
  - Introduction
- Word
  Word
  - Introduction
  - Get-word-length
    Get-word-length
    
    Introduction
- Memory-alignment
  Memory-alignment
  - Introduction
  - developer.ibm-Data-alignment-Straighten-up-and-fly-right
    developer.ibm-Data-alignment-Straighten-up-and-fly-right
    
    Introduction
  - Purpose-of-memory-alignment
    Purpose-of-memory-alignment
    
    Introduction
- Endianess
  Endianess
  - Introduction
  - Endianness-operation
- Memory-disambiguation
  Memory-disambiguation
  - Introduction
- CPU-cache-memory
  CPU-cache-memory
  - Introduction
  - Cache
    Cache
    
    Cache
    
    计算机组成原理-科学出版社-cache
    计算机组成原理-科学出版社-cache
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-Cache-computing
    wikipedia-Cache-computing
    
    Introduction
    
    Cache-line
    Cache-line
    
    Introduction Introduction
    Table of contents
    
    stackoverflow How do cache lines work?
    
    TODO
    
    igoro Gallery of Processor Cache Effects
    
    stackoverflow Line size of L1 and L2 caches
    
    Cache-miss
    Cache-miss
    
    Introduction
    
    Locality
    Locality
    
    Introduction
    
    Cache-replacement-policy
    Cache-replacement-policy
    
    Introduction
    
    LRU-cache
    LRU-cache
    
    Introduction
    
    library-mohaps-lrucache
    library-mohaps-lrucache
    
    Introduction
  - Coordination
    Coordination
    
    Introduction
    
    Memory-coherence
    Memory-coherence
    
    Introduction
    
    Cache-coherence
    Cache-coherence
    
    Introduction
    
    Protocol
    Protocol
    
    Introduction
    
    Cache-invalidation
    
    MSI-protocol
    MSI-protocol
    
    Introduction
    
    MOESI-protocol
    MOESI-protocol
    
    Introduction
  - False-sharing
    False-sharing
    
    Introduction
  - TODO-zhihu-高并发编程-多处理器编程中的一致性问题
    TODO-zhihu-高并发编程-多处理器编程中的一致性问题
    
    1
    
    2
  - Cache-performance-optimization
    Cache-performance-optimization
    
    Introduction
    
    Align-to-cache-line-optimization
    Align-to-cache-line-optimization
    
    Introduction
    
    cnblogs-Geek_Ling-cache-performance-optimization
    cnblogs-Geek_Ling-cache-performance-optimization
    
    Introduction
- CPU-memory-model
  CPU-memory-model
  - Introduction
  - Memory-ordering
    Memory-ordering
    
    Introduction
    
    Memory-Ordering-at-Compile-Time
    Memory-Ordering-at-Compile-Time
    
    Introduction
    
    How-does-memory-reordering-help-processors-and-compilers
    How-does-memory-reordering-help-processors-and-compilers
    
    Introduction
  - Memory-barrier
    Memory-barrier
    
    Introduction
    
    Linux-kernel-memory-barrier
    Linux-kernel-memory-barrier
    
    Introduction
    
    Compiler-memory-barrier
    Compiler-memory-barrier
    
    Introduction
  - CPU-Memory-Model
    CPU-Memory-Model
    
    Introduction
- Memory-access-instruction
  Memory-access-instruction
  - Introduction
  - Atomic
    Atomic
    
    Introduction
    
    Memory-access-unit-and-atomic
    Memory-access-unit-and-atomic
    
    Introduction
    
    Byte-granular-memory-access
    Byte-granular-memory-access
    
    Introduction
    
    Atomic-instruction
    Atomic-instruction
    
    Introduction
    
    Read–modify–write
    Read–modify–write
    
    Introduction
    
    Compare-and-swap
    Compare-and-swap
    
    Introduction
    
    Intel-x86-cmpxchg
    Intel-x86-cmpxchg
    
    Introduction
    
    CAS-loop-and-spin
    CAS-loop-and-spin
    
    Introduction
    
    ABA-problem
    ABA-problem
    
    Introduction
    
    Fetch-and-add
    Fetch-and-add
    
    Introduction
    
    Test-and-set
    Test-and-set
    
    Introduction
    
    Test-and-test-and-set
    Test-and-test-and-set
    
    Introduction
    
    Conditional-Put-and-Delete
Assembly-language
Assembly-language
- Assembly-language
TODO
TODO
- x-86
Expert-Ulrich-Drepper
Expert-Ulrich-Drepper
- Introduction
Book-计算机组成原理-科学出版社
Book-计算机组成原理-科学出版社
- 第一章-计算机系统概述
  第一章-计算机系统概述

Cache line

stackoverflow How do cache lines work?

TODO

在阅读 stackoverflow Purpose of memory alignment # A 时，其中的"Bonus: Caches"段中提及了cache line，其中提及了这些内容:

Another alignment-for-performance that I alluded to previously is alignment on cache lines which are (for example, on some CPUs) 64B.

For more info on how much performance can be gained by leveraging caches, take a look at Gallery of Processor Cache Effects; from this question on cache-line sizes

Cache line

stackoverflow How do cache lines work?

TODO

igoro Gallery of Processor Cache Effects

stackoverflow Line size of L1 and L2 caches