Induction & Deduction

在阅读中经常碰到这两个词语，“induction”即“归纳”，“deduction”即“演绎”，有必要对它们进行总结。

Deduction & Induction

In logic, we often refer to the two broad methods of reasoning as the deductive and inductive approaches.

两者都是“推理”的方法。

Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. Sometimes this is informally called a “top-down” approach.

Inductive reasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories. Informally, we sometimes call this a “bottom up” approach (please note that it’s “bottom up” and not “bottom**s** up” which is the kind of thing the bartender says to customers when he’s trying to close for the night!).