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关于本章

NLP是一门交叉学科，除了computer science外，它还涉及Linguistics（语言学）的很多内容。本章就梳理一下在从事NLP时候，需要的一些Linguistics的基础知识。

Language

参见：

维基百科Language
工程automata-and-formal-language的Formal-language章节
文章Language and program

Grammar

参见：

维基百科Grammar
工程automata-and-formal-language的Formal-language章节

读者需要至少对Grammatical theories的几个流派有一些认知，尤其是Generative grammar流派。

Phrase structure grammar VS Dependency grammar

在NLP领域，这两种grammar是最为常见的，两者本质的差异在于描述语言的结构时采用的relation不同，Phrase structure grammar 所采用的是 Constituency relation ，而 Dependency grammar 所采用的是 Dependency relation 。