Manual memory management
“manual memory management”即“手工内存管理”
wikipedia Manual memory management
Implementation of manual memory management
manual memory management的所有工作由programmer来完成，所以对programmer的要求较高，需要programmer对process的memory model（参见工程Linux-OS）有一定了解。在进行programming的时候，memory resource用“variable”来表示，可以通过variable概念来分析manual memory management。
Memory management of c++
参见维基百科C++的Object storage段。
Problem in manual memory management
手工memory management中，可能存在多种问题：
在维基百科Garbage collection (computer science)中进行了总结：
1、Dangling pointer bugs, which occur when a piece of memory is freed while there are still pointers to it, and one of those pointers is dereferenced. By then the memory may have been reassigned to another use, with unpredictable results.
2、Double free bugs, which occur when the program tries to free a region of memory that has already been freed, and perhaps already been allocated again.
3、Certain kinds of memory leaks, in which a program fails to free memory occupied by objects that have become unreachable, which can lead to memory exhaustion. (Garbage collection typically[who?] does not deal with the unbounded accumulation of data that is reachable, but that will actually not be used by the program.)