Parallel-computing

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wikipedia-Parallel-computing
wikipedia-Parallel-computing
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Concurrent-computing
Concurrent-computing
- Concurrent-computing
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- Expert-Jeff-Preshing
  Expert-Jeff-Preshing
  - Introduction
  - Performance
    Performance
    
    The-Cost-of-Enabling-Exception-Handling
    The-Cost-of-Enabling-Exception-Handling
    
    Introduction
  - Multithread
    Multithread
    
    Introduction
    
    01-Locks-Aren't-Slow-Lock-Contention-Is
    01-Locks-Aren't-Slow-Lock-Contention-Is
    
    Introduction
    
    02-Always-Use-a-Lightweight-Mutex
    02-Always-Use-a-Lightweight-Mutex
    
    Introduction
    
    03-A-C++Profiling-Module-for-Multithreaded-APIs
    03-A-C++Profiling-Module-for-Multithreaded-APIs
    
    Introduction
    
    04-A-Look-Back-at-Single-Threaded-CPU-Performance
    04-A-Look-Back-at-Single-Threaded-CPU-Performance
    
    Introduction
    
    05-Roll-Your-Own-Lightweight-Mutex
    05-Roll-Your-Own-Lightweight-Mutex
    
    Introduction
    
    Benaphore
    Benaphore
    
    Introduction
    
    06-Implementing-a-Recursive-Mutex
    06-Implementing-a-Recursive-Mutex
    
    Introduction
    
    07-Lightweight In-Memory Logging
    07-Lightweight In-Memory Logging
    
    Introduction
  - Hash-map
    Hash-map
    
    Introduction
    
    Hash-Collision-Probabilities
    Hash-Collision-Probabilities
    
    Introduction
    
    Hash-Table-Performance-Tests
    Hash-Table-Performance-Tests
    
    Introduction
  - Lock-Free-Programming
    Lock-Free-Programming
    
    Introduction
    
    02-Memory-Reordering-Caught-in-the-Act
    02-Memory-Reordering-Caught-in-the-Act
    
    Introduction
    
    gcc-source-code
    
    03-An-Introduction-to-Lock-Free-Programming
    03-An-Introduction-to-Lock-Free-Programming
    
    Introduction
    
    04-Memory-Ordering-at-Compile-Time
    04-Memory-Ordering-at-Compile-Time
    
    Introduction
    
    05-Memory-Barriers-Are-Like-Source-Control-Operations
    05-Memory-Barriers-Are-Like-Source-Control-Operations
    
    Introduction
    
    06-Acquire-and-Release-Semantics
    06-Acquire-and-Release-Semantics
    
    Introduction
    
    07-Weak-vs-Strong-Memory-Models
    07-Weak-vs-Strong-Memory-Models
    
    Introduction
    
    08-This-Is-Why-They-Call-It-a-Weakly-Ordered-CPU
    08-This-Is-Why-They-Call-It-a-Weakly-Ordered-CPU
    
    Introduction
    
    09-Atomic-vs-Non-Atomic-Operations
    09-Atomic-vs-Non-Atomic-Operations
    
    Introduction
    
    10-The-Happens-Before-Relation
    10-The-Happens-Before-Relation
    
    Introduction
    
    11-The-Synchronizes-With-Relation
    11-The-Synchronizes-With-Relation
    
    Introduction
    
    12-Acquire-and-Release-Fences
    12-Acquire-and-Release-Fences
    
    Introduction
    
    13-Double-Checked-Locking-is-Fixed-In-C++11
    13-Double-Checked-Locking-is-Fixed-In-C++11
    
    Introduction
    
    14-Acquire-and-Release-Fences-Don’t-Work-the-Way-You’d-Expect
    14-Acquire-and-Release-Fences-Don’t-Work-the-Way-You’d-Expect
    
    Introduction
    
    15-The-Purpose-of-memory_order_consume-in-C++11
    15-The-Purpose-of-memory_order_consume-in-C++11
    
    Introduction
    
    16-You-Can-Do-Any-Kind-of-Atomic-Read-Modify-Write-Operation
    16-You-Can-Do-Any-Kind-of-Atomic-Read-Modify-Write-Operation
    
    Introduction
  - TODO-Preshing-Safe-Bitfields-in-C++
    TODO-Preshing-Safe-Bitfields-in-C++
    
    Introduction
  - TODO-Preshing-Semaphores-are-Surprisingly-Versatile
    TODO-Preshing-Semaphores-are-Surprisingly-Versatile
    
    Introduction
  - Library-cpp11-on-multicore
    Library-cpp11-on-multicore
    
    Introduction
    
    Read-code
    Read-code
    
    Introduction
    
    inmemorylogger
    inmemorylogger
    
    Introduction
- Expert-iter_zc
  Expert-iter_zc
  - Introduction
  - CSDN-聊聊高并发-5-理解缓存一致性协议以及对并发编程的影响
    CSDN-聊聊高并发-5-理解缓存一致性协议以及对并发编程的影响
    
    Introduction
  - CSDN-聊聊高并发-6-实现几种自旋锁一
    CSDN-聊聊高并发-6-实现几种自旋锁一
    
    Introduction
  - CSDN-聊聊高并发-7-实现几种自旋锁二
    CSDN-聊聊高并发-7-实现几种自旋锁二
    
    Introduction
- Expert-1024cores
  Expert-1024cores
  - Introduction
  - Lockfree-Algorithms
    Lockfree-Algorithms
    
    Lockfree-Algorithms
    
    TODO-Introduction
    TODO-Introduction
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Producer-Consumer-Queues
    TODO-Producer-Consumer-Queues
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Lazy-Concurrent-Initialization
    TODO-Lazy-Concurrent-Initialization
    
    Introduction
- Expert-Cameron
  Expert-Cameron
  - Introduction
  - Library-readerwriterqueue
    Library-readerwriterqueue
    
    Introduction
  - Library-concurrentqueue
    Library-concurrentqueue
    
    Introduction
- Course-tau-Multiprocessor-Programming-CS-0368-4061-01
  Course-tau-Multiprocessor-Programming-CS-0368-4061-01
  - Introduction
- Course-uhcl-Concurrency
  Course-uhcl-Concurrency
  - Introduction
- Concurrency-control
  Concurrency-control
  - Introduction
  - Synchronization
    Synchronization
    
    Introduction
  - Lock
    Lock
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Mutex
    TODO-Mutex
    
    Introduction
    
    Linux-Seqlock
    Linux-Seqlock
    
    Introduction
    
    Read–write-lock
    Read–write-lock
    
    Introduction
    
    Spinlock
    Spinlock
    
    Introduction
    
    Spinning-lock-optimization
    Spinning-lock-optimization
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-Algorithms-for-Scalable-Synchronization
    paper-Algorithms-for-Scalable-Synchronization
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-Spinlock-with-timeout
    paper-Spinlock-with-timeout
    
    Introduction
    
    paper
    paper
    
    Introduction
    
    Ticket-lock
    Ticket-lock
    
    Introduction
    
    library-geidav-spinlocks-bench
    library-geidav-spinlocks-bench
    
    Introduction
    
    library-honkiko-Multi-Core-Toolbox
    library-honkiko-Multi-Core-Toolbox
    
    Introduction
    
    library-bogachevdmitry-CLHLock
    library-bogachevdmitry-CLHLock
    
    Introduction
    
    Double-checked-locking
    Double-checked-locking
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Hand-over-hand-lock
    TODO-Hand-over-hand-lock
    
    Introduction
    
    Disadvantage
    Disadvantage
    
    Introduction
    
    Deadlock-and-livelock
    Deadlock-and-livelock
    
    Introduction
    
    Starvation
    Starvation
    
    Introduction
    
    Granularity-of-lock
    Granularity-of-lock
    
    Introduction
    
    Evaluation-metric
    Evaluation-metric
    
    Introduction
  - Barrier
    Barrier
    
    Introduction
  - Non-blocking
    Non-blocking
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Level-of-free
    TODO-Level-of-free
    
    Introduction
    
    Liveness
    Liveness
    
    Introduction
    
    Lock-free
    Lock-free
    
    Introduction
    
    Primer
    Primer
    
    microsoft-Lockless-Programming-Considerations-for-Xbox-360-and-Microsoft-Windows
    microsoft-Lockless-Programming-Considerations-for-Xbox-360-and-Microsoft-Windows
    
    Introduction
    
    Atomic-operation
    Atomic-operation
    
    Introduction
    
    Atomic-instruction
    
    Memory-barrier
    Memory-barrier
    
    Introduction
    
    Copy-on-write
    Copy-on-write
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-Copy-on-write
    
    Memory-reclamation
    Memory-reclamation
    
    Introduction
    
    cs.toronto-Comparative-Performance-of-Memory-Reclamation-Strategies
    cs.toronto-Comparative-Performance-of-Memory-Reclamation-Strategies
    
    Introduction
    
    Quiescent-state-based-reclamation-QSBR
    Quiescent-state-based-reclamation-QSBR
    
    Introduction
    
    Epoch-Based-Reclamation-EBR
    Epoch-Based-Reclamation-EBR
    
    Introduction
    
    Hazard-pointer-based reclamation-HPBR
    Hazard-pointer-based reclamation-HPBR
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Hazard-pointer
    TODO-Hazard-pointer
    
    Introduction
    
    preshing-Using-Quiescent-States-to-Reclaim-Memory
    preshing-Using-Quiescent-States-to-Reclaim-Memory
    
    Introduction
    
    Read-copy-update
    Read-copy-update
    
    Introduction
    
    lwn-User-space-RCU
    lwn-User-space-RCU
    
    Introduction
    
    Version-based
    Version-based
    
    Introduction
    
    MVCC
    MVCC
    
    Introduction
    
    Timestamp-based-concurrency-control
  - Transactional-memory
    Transactional-memory
    
    Introduction
  - Optimistic-and-pessimistic
    Optimistic-and-pessimistic
    
    Introduction
    
    zhihu-你了解乐观锁和悲观锁吗
    zhihu-你了解乐观锁和悲观锁吗
    
    Introduction
  - Non-blocking-VS-blocking
    Non-blocking-VS-blocking
    
    Introduction
    
    Lock-free-VS-lock-based
    Lock-free-VS-lock-based
    
    Introduction
- Classic-problem
  Classic-problem
  - Introduction
  - Producer–consumer-problem
    Producer–consumer-problem
    
    Introduction
    
    Unbounded-producer-and-consumer-problem
  - Readers–writers-problem
    Readers–writers-problem
    
    Introduction
  - Dining-philosopher
    Dining-philosopher
    
    Introduction
    
    mariusbancila-Dining-philosopher
    mariusbancila-Dining-philosopher
    
    Introduction
    
    Chandy-Misra-algorithm
    Chandy-Misra-algorithm
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-howardhinnant-Dining-Philosophers-Rebooted
    TODO-howardhinnant-Dining-Philosophers-Rebooted
    
    Introduction
  - Checkpoint-Synchronization
    Checkpoint-Synchronization
    
    Introduction
  - Sleeping-barber-problem
    Sleeping-barber-problem
    
    Introduction
  - Cigarette-smokers-problem
    Cigarette-smokers-problem
    
    Introduction
- Concurrent-data-structure
  Concurrent-data-structure
  - Introduction
  - Queue
    Queue
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-paper-obstruction-free synchronization-double-ended-queues
    TODO-paper-obstruction-free synchronization-double-ended-queues
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-paper-wait-free-queue-with-multiple-enqueuers-and-dequeuers
    TODO-paper-wait-free-queue-with-multiple-enqueuers-and-dequeuers
    
    Introduction
    
    Circular-queue
    Circular-queue
    
    Introduction
  - Hash-table
    Hash-table
    
    Introduction
  - Linked-list
    Linked-list
    
    Introduction
  - Collection-library
    Collection-library
    
    Introduction
    
    Library-libcds
    Library-libcds
    
    Introduction
    
    Library-libcds
  - Course-Practical-lock-free-data-structures
    Course-Practical-lock-free-data-structures
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-Concurrent-Programming-Without-Locks
    paper-Concurrent-Programming-Without-Locks
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-Non-blocking-hashtables-with-open-addressing
    paper-Non-blocking-hashtables-with-open-addressing
    
    Introduction
  - TODO-simongui-Improving-performance-of-lockless-data-structures
    TODO-simongui-Improving-performance-of-lockless-data-structures
    
    Introduction
- Design-and-optimize
  Design-and-optimize
  - Introduction
- 秒杀-流量削峰
  秒杀-流量削峰
  - Introduction
Multithread
Multithread
- Introduction
- Expert-Herb-Sutter
  Expert-Herb-Sutter
  - Introduction
  - 01-The-Pillars-of-Concurrency
    01-The-Pillars-of-Concurrency
    
    Introduction
  - 02-How-Much-Scalability-Do-You-Have-or-Need
    02-How-Much-Scalability-Do-You-Have-or-Need
    
    Introduction
  - 06-Use-Lock-Hierarchies-to-Avoid-Deadlock
    06-Use-Lock-Hierarchies-to-Avoid-Deadlock
    
    Introduction
  - 07-TODO-Break-Amdahl's-Law
    07-TODO-Break-Amdahl's-Law
    
    Introduction
  - 11-Maximize-Locality-Minimize-Contention
    11-Maximize-Locality-Minimize-Contention
    
    Introduction
  - 12-Choose-Concurrency-Friendly-Data-Structures
    12-Choose-Concurrency-Friendly-Data-Structures
    
    Introduction
  - 15-TODO-Writing-Lock-Free-Code-A-Corrected-Queue
    15-TODO-Writing-Lock-Free-Code-A-Corrected-Queue
    
    Introduction
  - 20-TODO-Sharing-Is-the-Root-of-All-Contention
    20-TODO-Sharing-Is-the-Root-of-All-Contention
    
    Introduction
  - 31-Prefer-Using-Active-Objects-Instead-of-Naked-Thread
    31-Prefer-Using-Active-Objects-Instead-of-Naked-Thread
    
    Introduction
- Thread-safety
  Thread-safety
  - Introduction
  - What-cause-unsafety
    What-cause-unsafety
    
    Introduction
    
    Race
    Race
    
    Introduction
    
    stackoverflow-What-is-a-race-condition
    stackoverflow-What-is-a-race-condition
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-Race-condition
    wikipedia-Race-condition
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Increment-operator
    TODO-Increment-operator
    
    Introduction
    
    Time-of-check-to-time-of-use
    Time-of-check-to-time-of-use
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-Time-of-check-to-time-of-use
    wikipedia-Time-of-check-to-time-of-use
    
    Introduction
    
    Out-of-order-execution&&memory-reorder
    Out-of-order-execution&&memory-reorder
    
    Introduction
    
    acmqueue-Shared-Variables-or-Memory-Models
    acmqueue-Shared-Variables-or-Memory-Models
    
    Introduction
  - wikipedia-Thread-safety
    wikipedia-Thread-safety
    
    Introduction
- Lifetime
  Lifetime
  - Introduction
  - Creation
    Creation
    
    Introduction
  - Termination
    Termination
    
    Introduction
- Inter-thread-communication
  Inter-thread-communication
  - Introduction
  - Condition-variables-VS-mutex
    Condition-variables-VS-mutex
    
    Introduction
- Topics
  Topics
  - Sleep-forever
    Sleep-forever
    
    Introduction
  - Execute-once
    Execute-once
    
    Introduction
  - Stop-a-blocked-thread
    Stop-a-blocked-thread
    
    Introduction
  - Wait-VS-sleep
    Wait-VS-sleep
    
    Introduction
  - Stop-a-sleeping-thread
    Stop-a-sleeping-thread
    
    Introduction
  - False-death
    False-death
    
    Introduction
  - Thread-pool
    Thread-pool
    
    Introduction
    
    library-progschj-ThreadPool
    library-progschj-ThreadPool
    
    Introduction
- Thread-model
  Thread-model
  - Introduction
  - TODO-Locate-assign-线程定位
    TODO-Locate-assign-线程定位
    
    Introduction
Distributed-computing
Distributed-computing
- Introduction
- Expert-Leslie-Lamport
  Expert-Leslie-Lamport
  - Introduction
- Expert-Dr-Werner-Vogels
  Expert-Dr-Werner-Vogels
  - Introduction
  - Eventually-Consistent-Revisited
    Eventually-Consistent-Revisited
    
    Introduction
- Course
  Course
  - Course-disco.ethz-Distributed-Systems
    Course-disco.ethz-Distributed-Systems
    
    Introduction
  - Course-Northeastern-University-CS7680
    Course-Northeastern-University-CS7680
    
    Introduction
  - Course-Rutgers-Distributed-Systems
    Course-Rutgers-Distributed-Systems
    
    Introduction
    
    Understanding-Paxos
    Understanding-Paxos
    
    Introduction
- Book-Designing-Data-Intensive-Applications
  Book-Designing-Data-Intensive-Applications
  - Introduction
  - Preface
    Preface
    
    Introduction
  - Outline
    Outline
    
    Introduction
  - PART-I
    PART-I
    
    1-Reliable-Scalable-Maintainable-Applications
    1-Reliable-Scalable-Maintainable-Applications
    
    Introduction
  - PART-II-Distributed-Data
    PART-II-Distributed-Data
    
    PART-II-Distributed-Data
    
    5-Replication
    5-Replication
    
    Introduction
    
    8-The-Trouble-with-Distributed-Systems
    8-The-Trouble-with-Distributed-Systems
    
    CHAPTER-8-The-Trouble-with-Distributed-Systems
- Book-Distributed-systems-for-fun-and-profit
  Book-Distributed-systems-for-fun-and-profit
  - Introduction
  - 4-Replication
    4-Replication
    
    Introduction
- dist-prog-book
  dist-prog-book
  - Introduction
- Guide
  Guide
  - Introduction
  - Distributed-system-challenge
    Distributed-system-challenge
    
    Introduction
  - Abstraction
    Abstraction
    
    Introduction
  - CSDN-悟空讲架构-分布式系列
    CSDN-悟空讲架构-分布式系列
    
    Introduction
    
    01-用三国杀讲分布式算法
    01-用三国杀讲分布式算法
    
    Introduction
    
    02-用太极拳讲分布式理论
    02-用太极拳讲分布式理论
    
    Introduction
    
    03-Paxos共识算法
    03-Paxos共识算法
    
    Introduction
    
    04-Raft共识算法
    04-Raft共识算法
    
    Introduction
    
    05-Consistent-hash
    05-Consistent-hash
    
    Introduction
    
    06-Gossip协议
    06-Gossip协议
    
    Introduction
    
    07-分布式系统的坑
    07-分布式系统的坑
    
    Introduction
    
    08-Quorum-NWR
    08-Quorum-NWR
    
    Introduction
    
    服务雪崩
    服务雪崩
    
    Introduction
  - martinfowler-Patterns-of-Distributed-Systems
    martinfowler-Patterns-of-Distributed-Systems
    
    Introduction
- Theory
  Theory
  - Introduction
  - CAP
    CAP
    
    Introduction
  - Consistency
    Consistency
    
    Introduction
    
    Primer
    Primer
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-Consistency-model
    wikipedia-Consistency-model
    
    Introduction
    
    Classification
    Classification
    
    Strong-consistency
    Strong-consistency
    
    Introduction
    
    Linearizability
    Linearizability
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Sequential-consistency-VS-linearizability
    
    Sequential-consistency
    Sequential-consistency
    
    Introduction
    
    Weak-consistency
    Weak-consistency
    
    Introduction
    
    Eventual-consistency
    Eventual-consistency
    
    Introduction
    
    Causal-consistency
    Causal-consistency
    
    Introduction
    
    NRW-quorum-consistency
    NRW-quorum-consistency
    
    Introduction
    
    Data-consistency
    Data-consistency
    
    Introduction
  - High-availability
    High-availability
    
    Introduction
    
    Single-point-of-failure
    Single-point-of-failure
    
    Introduction
    
    High-availability-cluster
    High-availability-cluster
    
    Introduction
    
    Replication
    Replication
    
    Introduction
    
    State-machine-replication
    State-machine-replication
    
    Introduction
    
    Conflict-free-replicated-data-type
    Conflict-free-replicated-data-type
    
    Introduction
    
    多活-双活
    多活-双活
    
    Introduction
  - Network-partition
    Network-partition
    
    Introduction
  - Fault-tolerance
    Fault-tolerance
    
    Introduction
    
    Byzantine-Fault-Tolerance
    Byzantine-Fault-Tolerance
    
    Introduction
  - Consensus
    Consensus
    
    Introduction
    
    Quorum
    Quorum
    
    Introduction
    
    Leader-election
    Leader-election
    
    Introduction
    
    VS-consensus-VS-consistency
  - Time&Ordering
    Time&Ordering
    
    Introduction
    
    Logical-clock
    Logical-clock
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-Logical-clock
    wikipedia-Logical-clock
    
    Introduction
    
    Lamport-timestamp
    Lamport-timestamp
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-Time-Clocks-and-the-Ordering-of-Events-in-a-Distributed-System
    paper-Time-Clocks-and-the-Ordering-of-Events-in-a-Distributed-System
    
    Introduction
    
    Happened-before
    Happened-before
    
    Introduction
    
    Vector-clock
    Vector-clock
    
    Introduction
    
    Version-vector
    Version-vector
    
    Introduction
  - Protocol
    Protocol
    
    Guide
    Guide
    
    Introduction
    
    Expert-范斌
    Expert-范斌
    
    Introduction
    
    漫话分布式系统共识协议2PC-3PC篇
    漫话分布式系统共识协议2PC-3PC篇
    
    Introduction
    
    漫话分布式系统共识协议Paxos篇
    漫话分布式系统共识协议Paxos篇
    
    Introduction
    
    一致性协议算法-2PC-3PC-Paxos-Raft-ZAB-NWR
    一致性协议算法-2PC-3PC-Paxos-Raft-ZAB-NWR
    
    Introduction
    
    csdn-分布式一致性协议
    csdn-分布式一致性协议
    
    Introduction
    
    CSDN-分布式基础通信协议paxos-totem-gossip
    CSDN-分布式基础通信协议paxos-totem-gossip
    
    Introduction
    
    2PC
    2PC
    
    Introduction
    
    3PC
    3PC
    
    Introduction
    
    Paxos
    Paxos
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-Paxos-Made-Simple
    paper-Paxos-Made-Simple
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-Paxos
    wikipedia-Paxos
    
    Introduction
    
    Multi-paxos
    Multi-paxos
    
    Introduction
    
    cnblogs-使用multi-paxos实现日志同步应用
    cnblogs-使用multi-paxos实现日志同步应用
    
    Introduction
    
    CSDN-重要的Paxos算法你看透了么
    CSDN-重要的Paxos算法你看透了么
    
    Introduction
    
    Raft
    Raft
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-In-Search-of-an-Understandable-Consensus-Algorithm
    paper-In-Search-of-an-Understandable-Consensus-Algorithm
    
    Introduction
    
    github-The-Raft-Consensus-Algorithm
    github-The-Raft-Consensus-Algorithm
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-Raft
    wikipedia-Raft
    
    Introduction
    
    Gossip
    Gossip
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-Gossip-protocol
    wikipedia-Gossip-protocol
    
    Introduction
  - Split-brain
    Split-brain
    
    Introduction
- Technique
  Technique
  - Introduction
  - Heartbeat
    Heartbeat
    
    Introduction Introduction
    Table of contents
    
    素材
    
    Heartbeat (computing)
    
    Heartbeat message
    
    Heartbeat network
    
    Case study
    
    Case: Linux-HA
    
    Case: zookeeper
  - Distributed-transaction
    Distributed-transaction
    
    Introduction
  - Rendezvous
    Rendezvous
    
    Introduction
- Architecture
  Architecture
  - Introduction
  - Client–server-architecture
    Client–server-architecture
    
    Introduction
  - Peer-to-peer-architecture
    Peer-to-peer-architecture
    
    Introduction
  - Shared-nothing-architecture
    Shared-nothing-architecture
    
    Introduction
Scalability
Scalability
- Introduction
Model
Model
- Introduction
- Multiple-model
  Multiple-model
  - Introduction
  - Shared-data
    Shared-data
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Shared-memory
    TODO-Shared-memory
    
    Introduction
    
    Shared-resource
    Shared-resource
    
    Introduction
  - Contention-and-race
    Contention-and-race
    
    Introduction
    
    Resource-contention
    Resource-contention
    
    Introduction
  - Read-and-write
    Read-and-write
    
    Introduction
- Fork–join-model
  Fork–join-model
  - Introduction
- Stream-model
  Stream-model
  - Introduction
- Communicating-Sequential-Processes
  Communicating-Sequential-Processes
  - Introduction
Programming-model
Programming-model
- Introduction
- Active-and-passive
  Active-and-passive
  - Introduction
  - Polling
    Polling
    
    Introduction
  - Busy-waiting
    Busy-waiting
    
    Introduction
  - Polling-and-notify
- TODO-MapReduce
  TODO-MapReduce
  - Introduction
- Blocking-and-synchronous
  Blocking-and-synchronous
  - Introduction
- Blocking-and-non-blocking
  Blocking-and-non-blocking
  - Introduction
- Sync-and-async
  Sync-and-async
  - Introduction
  - Asynchronous-programming
    Asynchronous-programming
    
    Introduction
    
    Coroutine-async-await
    Coroutine-async-await
    
    Introduction
    
    Coroutine
    Coroutine
    
    Introduction
    
    Promise-future
    Promise-future
    
    Introduction
    
    Future-promise-VS-observer-pattern-VS-callback
- API
  API
  - Introduction
  - Threading-Building-Blocks
    Threading-Building-Blocks
    
    Introduction
  - OpenMP
    OpenMP
    
    Introduction
  - Cilk
    Cilk
    
    Introduction
Event-driven-concurrent-server
Event-driven-concurrent-server
- Introduction
- Event-driven-model
  Event-driven-model
  - Introduction
  - What-is-event-driven-model
    What-is-event-driven-model
    
    Introduction
    
    Monitor-notify-dispatch
    Monitor-notify-dispatch
    
    Introduction
  - Event-loop
    Event-loop
    
    Event-loop
    
    Implementation
  - Event-passing
    Event-passing
    
    Introduction
  - Event-VS-exception-VS-signal
- Event-library
  Event-library
  - Introduction
  - library-Netty
    library-Netty
    
    Introduction
  - library-libevent
    library-libevent
    
    Introduction
  - library-libuv
    library-libuv
    
    Introduction
    
    Design-overview
    Design-overview
    
    Introduction
    
    User-guide
    User-guide
    
    Basics-of-libuv
    Basics-of-libuv
    
    Introduction
  - library-muduo
    library-muduo
    
    Introduction
- Concurrent-server
  Concurrent-server
  - Introduction
  - Case
    Case
    
    Introduction
    
    HTTP-server
    HTTP-server
    
    Introduction
  - C10K-problem
    C10K-problem
    
    Introduction
    
    kegel-Unix-The-C10K-problem
    kegel-Unix-The-C10K-problem
    
    Introduction
  - Load-balance
    Load-balance
    
    Introduction
    
    Round-robin
    Round-robin
    
    Introduction
  - developer.51cto-支撑亿级高并发的系统长啥样
    developer.51cto-支撑亿级高并发的系统长啥样
    
    Introduction
- Expert-Nick-Black
  Expert-Nick-Black
  - Introduction
  - Fast-UNIX-Servers
    Fast-UNIX-Servers
    
    Introduction
  - library-libtorque
    library-libtorque
    
    Introduction
- Expert-Jeff-Darcy
  Expert-Jeff-Darcy
  - Introduction
  - High-Performance-Server-Architecture
    High-Performance-Server-Architecture
    
    Introduction
- Design-pattern
  Design-pattern
  - Introduction
  - Asynchronous-method-dispatch
  - Observer-pattern
    Observer-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Code
    Code
    
    Introduction
    
    Lapsed-listener-problem
    Lapsed-listener-problem
    
    Introduction
  - Active-object+observer+visitor
    Active-object+observer+visitor
    
    Introduction
    
    drdobbs-Message-Handling-Without-Dependencies
    drdobbs-Message-Handling-Without-Dependencies
    
    Introduction
  - Proactor-reactor
    Proactor-reactor
    
    Introduction
    
    zhihu-如何深刻理解reactor和proactor
    zhihu-如何深刻理解reactor和proactor
    
    Introduction
    
    Proactor
    Proactor
    
    Introduction
    
    Reactor
    Reactor
    
    Introduction
  - Actor&&active-object
    Actor&&active-object
    
    Introduction
    
    Actor
    Actor
    
    Introduction
    
    brianstorti-The-actor-model-in-10-minutes
    brianstorti-The-actor-model-in-10-minutes
    
    Introduction
    
    Writing-Concurrent-Programs-Using-F#-Mailbox-Processors
    Writing-Concurrent-Programs-Using-F#-Mailbox-Processors
    
    Introduction
    
    Active-object
    Active-object
    
    Introduction
    
    Asynchronous-method-invocation
    
    Implementation
    Implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    library-syscpp
    library-syscpp
    
    Introduction
    
    rosettacode-Active-object
    
    kjellhedstrom2-Active-Object-the-C++11-way
    kjellhedstrom2-Active-Object-the-C++11-way
    
    Introduction
  - Master-worker
    Master-worker
    
    Introduction
- library-linyacool-WebServer
  library-linyacool-WebServer
  - Introduction
- library-yedf-handy
  library-yedf-handy
  - Introduction
- Apache-Thrift
  Apache-Thrift
  - Introduction
  - paper-Thrift-Scalable-Cross-Language-Services-Implementation
    paper-Thrift-Scalable-Cross-Language-Services-Implementation
    
    Introduction
  - cnblogs-thrift的原理和使用
    cnblogs-thrift的原理和使用
    
    Introduction
  - zhihu-Thrift的那些服务模型
    zhihu-Thrift的那些服务模型
    
    Introduction
- library-POCO
  library-POCO
  - Introduction
  - POCO-PRO-C++framework
    POCO-PRO-C++framework
    
    Introduction
- software-Nginx
  software-Nginx
  - Introduction
  - Concurrency-model
    Concurrency-model
    
    Introduction
    
    zhihu-nginx-master-worker进程工作原理
    zhihu-nginx-master-worker进程工作原理
    
    Introduction
    
    blog-Inside-NGINX-How-We-Designed-for-Performance-&-Scale
    blog-Inside-NGINX-How-We-Designed-for-Performance-&-Scale
    
    Introduction
    
    Thundering-herd-in-Nginx
    Thundering-herd-in-Nginx
    
    Introduction
    
    Nginx-Socket-Sharding
    Nginx-Socket-Sharding
    
    Introduction
    
    Nginx-accept_mutex-implementation
    Nginx-accept_mutex-implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    Nginx-event-library
    Nginx-event-library
    
    Introduction
  - Nginx-proxy
    Nginx-proxy
    
    Introduction
- Timer
  Timer
  - Introduction
  - Periodic-worker
    Periodic-worker
    
    Introduction
  - Columbia-paper-Hashed-hierarchical-wheel-timer
    Columbia-paper-Hashed-hierarchical-wheel-timer
    
    Introduction
Message-processing-system
Message-processing-system
- Introduction
- Stream-based
  Stream-based
  - Introduction
  - Apache-Flink
    Apache-Flink
    
    Introduction
- Distributed-log-system
  Distributed-log-system
  - Introduction
- Messaging-pattern
  Messaging-pattern
  - Introduction
  - Message-queue
    Message-queue
    
    Introduction
    
    AMQP
    AMQP
    
    Advanced-Message-Queuing-Protocol
    
    Fan-out
    Fan-out
    
    Introduction
  - Pub-sub
    Pub-sub
    
    Introduction
- MQ-library
  MQ-library
  - Introduction
  - library-Rabbitmq
    library-Rabbitmq
    
    AMQP-0-9-1-Model-Explained
  - library-ZeroMQ
    library-ZeroMQ
    
    ZeroMQ
  - Apache-Kafka
    Apache-Kafka
    
    Introduction
- library-Celery
  library-Celery
  - Introduction
- Message-disorder
  Message-disorder
  - Introduction
Distributed-data-store
Distributed-data-store
- Introduction
- Data-Sharding-Strategy
  Data-Sharding-Strategy
  - Introduction
  - Consistent-hashing
    Consistent-hashing
    
    Introduction
    
    cnblogs-一致性Hash的原理和实践
    cnblogs-一致性Hash的原理和实践
    
    Introduction
    
    toptal-A-Guide-to-Consistent-Hashing
    toptal-A-Guide-to-Consistent-Hashing
    
    Introduction
  - Rendezvous-hashing
    Rendezvous-hashing
    
    Introduction
  - TODO-Consistent-hash-VS-rendezvous-hash
- Distributed-hash-table
  Distributed-hash-table
  - Introduction
  - wikipedia-Distributed-cache
- Distributed-database
  Distributed-database
  - Introduction
  - Google-Spanner
    Google-Spanner
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-Spanner-Google’s-Globally-Distributed-Database
    paper-Spanner-Google’s-Globally-Distributed-Database
    
    Introduction
  - YugabyteDB
    YugabyteDB
    
    Introduction
    
    blog-4-Data-Sharding-Strategies-in-Building-Distributed-SQL-Database
    blog-4-Data-Sharding-Strategies-in-Building-Distributed-SQL-Database
    
    Introduction
  - CockroachDB
    CockroachDB
    
    Introduction
    
    Living-Without-Atomic-Clocks
    Living-Without-Atomic-Clocks
    
    Introduction
  - MySQL-Cluster
    MySQL-Cluster
    
    Introduction
  - NewSQL
    NewSQL
    
    Introduction
- Amazon-Dynamo
  Amazon-Dynamo
  - Introduction
- Data-system
  Data-system
  - Schema
    Schema
    
    Introduction
  - Redo-log
    Redo-log
    
    Introduction
  - Transaction-log
    Transaction-log
    
    Introduction
RPC
RPC
- Introduction
- gRPC
  gRPC
  - Introduction
Thundering-herd-problem
Thundering-herd-problem
- Introduction
- Thundering-Herd-in-distributed-computing
  Thundering-Herd-in-distributed-computing
  - Introduction
  - zhihu-分布式系统的Thundering-Herd效应
    zhihu-分布式系统的Thundering-Herd效应
    
    Introduction
- TODO-louqibin-Robinhood-宕机-幕后黑手Thundering-Herd
  TODO-louqibin-Robinhood-宕机-幕后黑手Thundering-Herd
  - Introduction
Application
Application
- Introduction
- Parallel-numeric-processing-system
  Parallel-numeric-processing-system
  - Introduction
  - Dataflow-programming
    Dataflow-programming
    
    Introduction
- Blockchain
  Blockchain
  - Introduction
  - Is-git-a-block-chain
    Is-git-a-block-chain
    
    Introduction
- IPFS
  IPFS
  - Introduction
- NFS
  NFS
  - Network-File-System
software-ZooKeeper
software-ZooKeeper
- Introduction
- Overview
  Overview
  - Introduction
- Developers
  Developers
  - Introduction
  - ZK-client
    ZK-client
    
    Introduction
    
    Java-Apache-Curator
    Java-Apache-Curator
    
    Introduction
    
    Zookeeper-cpp
    Zookeeper-cpp
    
    Introduction
    
    Read-code
    Read-code
    
    Introduction
  - Application
    Application
    
    Introduction
    
    Lead-election
    Lead-election
    
    Introduction
    
    Automatic-failover-using-ZK
    
    Herd-Effect-in-ZK
    Herd-Effect-in-ZK
    
    Introduction
    
    Lock
    Lock
    
    Introduction
- ZAB
  ZAB
  - Introduction
software-Memcached
software-Memcached
- Introduction
- Thread-model
  Thread-model
  - Introduction

Heartbeat

Heartbeat是distributed computing中广泛采用的一种technique。

素材

Heartbeat (computing)

https://en.wanweibaike.com/wiki-Heartbeat%20protocol

In computer science, a heartbeat is a periodic signal generated by hardware or software to indicate normal operation or to synchronize other parts of a computer system.[1] Usually a heartbeat is sent between machines at a regular interval in the order of seconds. If the endpoint does not receive a heartbeat for a time—usually a few heartbeat intervals—the machine that should have sent the heartbeat is assumed to have failed.[2]

Heartbeat message

https://en.wanweibaike.com/wiki-Heartbeat%20message

A heartbeat message in signal processing is a message sent from an originator to a destination that enables the destination to identify if and when the originator fails or is no longer available.[1] Heartbeat messages are typically sent non-stop on a periodic or recurring basis from the originator's start-up until the originator's shutdown. When the destination identifies a lack of heartbeat messages during an anticipated arrival period, the destination may determine that the originator has failed, shutdown, or is generally no longer available. Heartbeat messages may be used for high-availability and fault tolerance purposes.

Heartbeat network

https://en.wanweibaike.com/wiki-Heartbeat%20network

In computer clusters, a heartbeat network is a private network which is shared only by the nodes in the cluster, and is not accessible from outside the cluster. It is used by cluster nodes in order to monitor each node's status and communicate with each other messages necessary for maintaining operation of the cluster.

Case study

Case: Linux-HA

https://en.wanweibaike.com/wiki-Heartbeat%20(program)

Case: zookeeper

在 ZooKeeper Getting Started Guide 中有这样的介绍:

tickTime : the basic time unit in milliseconds used by ZooKeeper. It is used to do heartbeats and the minimum session timeout will be twice the tickTime.