programming-language

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- Introduction
- Programming-language
  Programming-language
  - Introduction
  - How-to-master-programming-language
    How-to-master-programming-language
    
    Introduction
  - Design-and-implementation
    Design-and-implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    Design
    Design
    
    Introduction
    
    Programming-language-Memory-model
    Programming-language-Memory-model
    
    Introduction
    
    Syntax
    Syntax
    
    Introduction
    
    Implementation
    Implementation
    
    Introduction
  - Expressive-power
    Expressive-power
    
    Introduction
  - Scripting-language
    Scripting-language
    
    Scripting-language
    
    Read-eval-print-loop
- Programming-language-construct
  Programming-language-construct
  - Introduction
  - Basic-Language-construct
    Basic-Language-construct
    
    Introduction
    
    Operator-expression-statement
    
    Operator
    Operator
    
    Operator-associativity
    
    Operator-precedence
  - Subroutine
    Subroutine
    
    Introduction
    
    Subroutine
    
    Parameter-and-argument
    Parameter-and-argument
    
    Parameter
    
    Argument-and-parameter
    
    Call-subroutine
    Call-subroutine
    
    Introduction
    
    Call-convention
    
    Evaluation-strategy
    Evaluation-strategy
    
    Evaluation-strategy
    
    Lazy-evaluation
    
    Function-object
    
    First-class-function
    First-class-function
    
    Introduction
    
    Variadic-function
- Organization
  Organization
  - Introduction
  - Name
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  - Name-bind
    Name-bind
    
    Introduction
  - Organization-is-everywhere
  - Scope-resolution-operator
- Lifetime
  Lifetime
  - Program-lifecycle
  - Object-lifetime
- Type-system
  Type-system
  - Introduction
  - Type-system
    Type-system
    
    wikipedia-Type-system
    
    Duck-type
  - Type-constructor
    Type-constructor
    
    Introduction
    
    Covariance-and-contravariance
  - Type-safety
    Type-safety
    
    Introduction
  - Static-vs-dynamic-typing
    Static-vs-dynamic-typing
    
    Introduction
  - OOP-and-type-system
    OOP-and-type-system
    
    Introduction
  - Type-conversion
    Type-conversion
    
    Type-conversion
    
    Downcast-and-upcast
  - Type-relation
    Type-relation
    
    Introduction
- Reflection&&introspection
  Reflection&&introspection
  - Introduction
  - wikipedia-Reflection
    wikipedia-Reflection
    
    Introduction
  - Type-introspection
    Type-introspection
    
    Introduction
- First-class-citizen
  First-class-citizen
  - Introduction
- Pyramid-of-doom
  Pyramid-of-doom
  - Introduction
  - Safe-navigation-operator
    Safe-navigation-operator
    
    Introduction
- Programming-paradigm
  Programming-paradigm
  - Introduction
  - Programming-paradigm
  - Common
    Common
    
    Introduction
    
    Abstraction&&polymorphism
    Abstraction&&polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    Program-to-an-abstraction
    Program-to-an-abstraction
    
    Introduction
    
    Polymorphism
    Polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    Polymorphism
    
    Ad-hoc-polymorphism
    Ad-hoc-polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    Parametric-polymorphism
    Parametric-polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    Implementation
    Implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    Static-and-dynamic-polymorphism
    Static-and-dynamic-polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Concept-VS-interface
    
    TODO-Method-resolution-order
    TODO-Method-resolution-order
    
    Introduction
    
    Behavior-based&&interface
    Behavior-based&&interface
    
    Introduction
    
    Code-reuse
    Code-reuse
    
    Introduction
  - OOP
    OOP
    
    Introduction
    
    Class-based-OOP
    Class-based-OOP
    
    Introduction
    
    Prototype-based-OOP
    Prototype-based-OOP
    
    Introduction
    
    Assemble
    Assemble
    
    Introduction
    
    Inheritance
    Inheritance
    
    Introduction
    
    Composition
    Composition
    
    Introduction
    
    Delegation-and-forwarding
    Delegation-and-forwarding
    
    Delegation
    
    Forwarding
    
    Composition-over-inheritance-principle
    Composition-over-inheritance-principle
    
    Introduction
    
    Mixin
    Mixin
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-assemble-ability
    TODO-assemble-ability
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-assemble-as-chain
    TODO-assemble-as-chain
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Abstraction-and-relation
    
    Subtyping-polymorphism
    Subtyping-polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    Is-a
    Is-a
    
    Introduction
    
    Subtyping-VS-inheritance
    Subtyping-VS-inheritance
    
    Introduction
    
    Behavioral-subtyping
    
    Dispatch
    Dispatch
    
    Introduction
    
    Design-pattern
    Design-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Books
    Books
    
    Introduction
    
    Goal
    Goal
    
    Introduction
    
    Principle
    Principle
    
    Introduction
    
    SOLID
    SOLID
    
    SOLID
    
    Single-Responsibility-Principle
    Single-Responsibility-Principle
    
    Introduction
    
    Open-closed-principle
    Open-closed-principle
    
    Introduction
    
    Liskov-substitution-principle
    
    Creational-pattern
    Creational-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Factory
    Factory
    
    Introduction
    
    Abstract-factory-pattern
    Abstract-factory-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Factory-method-pattern
    Factory-method-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Summary
    
    Singleton-pattern
    Singleton-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Alternative-to-Singleton
    TODO-Alternative-to-Singleton
    
    Introduction
    
    Builder-pattern
    Builder-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Dependency-injection
    Dependency-injection
    
    Dependency-injection
    
    Prototype
    Prototype
    
    Introduction
    
    Object-pool-pattern
    Object-pool-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Behavioral-pattern
    Behavioral-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Visitor-pattern
    Visitor-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Code
    Code
    
    Code
    
    Computation-on-structure
    Computation-on-structure
    
    Introduction
    
    Iterator-pattern
    Iterator-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Observer-pattern
    Observer-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Publish-subscribe-pattern
    Publish-subscribe-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Strategy-pattern
    Strategy-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    State-pattern
    State-pattern
    
    State-pattern
    
    Command-pattern
    Command-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Interpreter-pattern
    Interpreter-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Chain-of-Responsibility
    Chain-of-Responsibility
    
    Introduction
    
    Structural-pattern
    Structural-pattern
    
    Decorator-pattern
    Decorator-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    geeksforgeeks-The-Decorator-Pattern
    geeksforgeeks-The-Decorator-Pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-Decorator-pattern
    wikipedia-Decorator-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Adaptor-pattern
    Adaptor-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Composite-pattern
    Composite-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Delegation-pattern
    Delegation-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Facade-pattern
    Facade-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Bridge-pattern
    Bridge-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Dispose-pattern
    Dispose-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Fluent-API
    Fluent-API
    
    Introduction
    
    Method-cascading
    
    Method-chaining
    
    Computation-on-structure
    Computation-on-structure
    
    Introduction
    
    Separation-of-algorithm-and-structure
    Separation-of-algorithm-and-structure
    
    Introduction
    
    Summary-of-design-pattern
    
    Summary-of-OOP
    Summary-of-OOP
    
    Introduction
    
    Class-relation-hierarchy-diagram
    Class-relation-hierarchy-diagram
    
    Introduction
    
    Glossary
    Glossary
    
    Introduction
    
    Method
    
    TODO-Trait
    
    Inheritance
    
    Method-override
  - Aspect-oriented-programming
    Aspect-oriented-programming
    
    Introduction
  - Functional-programming
    Functional-programming
    
    Introduction
    
    Pure-function
    
    Higher-order-function
    Higher-order-function
    
    Introduction
    
    Fold
    
    Map-apply
    
    First-class-function
    
    Function-composition
    Function-composition
    
    Introduction
  - Event-driven-programming
    Event-driven-programming
    
    Introduction
  - Generic-programming
    Generic-programming
    
    Introduction
    
    Implementation
    Implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-requirement
    Type-requirement
    
    Introduction
    
    Concept(generic-programming)
    Concept(generic-programming)
    
    Introduction
    
    Generics
    Generics
    
    Introduction
    
    Bounded-quantification
    Bounded-quantification
    
    Introduction
  - Metaprogramming
    Metaprogramming
    
    Metaprogramming
    
    Metaclass
    
    TODO-Meta-object
  - Declarative-programming
    Declarative-programming
    
    Introduction
  - Expression-oriented-programming
    Expression-oriented-programming
    
    Introduction
  - Symbolic-programming
    Symbolic-programming
    
    Introduction
  - Dataflow-programming
    Dataflow-programming
    
    Introduction
  - Comparison
    Comparison
    
    Introduction
  - Domain-specific-programming-paradigm
    Domain-specific-programming-paradigm
    
    Introduction
- Programming-model
  Programming-model
  - Introduction
- Interface-and-implementation
  Interface-and-implementation
  - Introduction
  - Interface
    Interface
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-interface
    wikipedia-interface
    
    Introduction
    
    Compatibility
    Compatibility
    
    Introduction
    
    Backward-compatibility
    Backward-compatibility
    
    Introduction
    
    Binary-code-compatibility
    Binary-code-compatibility
    
    Introduction
    
    Consistent-interface
    Consistent-interface
    
    Introduction
  - Separate-interface-from-implementation
    Separate-interface-from-implementation
    
    Introduction
- Resource-management
  Resource-management
  - Introduction
  - Handle
    Handle
    
    Introduction
    
    Tombstone
    Tombstone
    
    Introduction
  - Memory-management
    Memory-management
    
    Introduction
    
    Memory-management
    
    Manual-memory-management
    Manual-memory-management
    
    Introduction
    
    Variable
    Variable
    
    Variable
    
    Static-variable
    
    Local-variable
    
    Non-local-variable
    
    Automatic-memory-management
    Automatic-memory-management
    
    Introduction
    
    Garbage-collection
    Garbage-collection
    
    Introduction
    
    Tracing-garbage-collection
    Tracing-garbage-collection
    
    Introduction
    
    Reference-counting
    Reference-counting
    
    Introduction
    
    Automatic-Reference-Counting
    
    Implement-reference-count-use-std-atomic
    Implement-reference-count-use-std-atomic
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-A-Survey-of-Garbage-Collection-Techniques
    paper-A-Survey-of-Garbage-Collection-Techniques
    
    Introduction
    
    PEEK-and-POKE
- Serialization-deserialization
  Serialization-deserialization
  - Introduction
  - Binary-parsing
- Design-by-contract
  Design-by-contract
  - Introduction
  - Invariant
    Invariant
    
    Introduction
    
    Class-invariant
    Class-invariant
    
    Introduction
  - Assertion
    Assertion
    
    Introduction
- Compile-time-and-run-time
  Compile-time-and-run-time
  - Compile-time-and-run-time
  - Runtime
- Error-handling
  Error-handling
  - Introduction
  - Exception
    Exception
    
    Introduction
  - Stack-trace
- Program-analysis
  Program-analysis
  - Program-analysis
  - Profiling
- Code-refactoring
  Code-refactoring
  - Introduction
- Concurrent-programming-language
  Concurrent-programming-language
  - Introduction
C-family
C-family
- Introduction
C++
C++
- Introduction
- C++design-principle-feature-philosophy
  C++design-principle-feature-philosophy
  - Introduction
  - Zero-overhead-principle
    Zero-overhead-principle
    
    Introduction
- What-is-new-in-C++
  What-is-new-in-C++
  - Introduction
  - Simplify
    Simplify
    
    Introduction
    
    preshing-C++Has-Become-More-Pythonicpreshing-C++Has-Become-More-Pythonic
    preshing-C++Has-Become-More-Pythonicpreshing-C++Has-Become-More-Pythonic
    
    Introduction
  - Uniform-consistent-interface-API-syntax
    Uniform-consistent-interface-API-syntax
    
    Introduction
  - C++11
    C++11
    
    Introduction
    
    Unamed-namespace
  - C++14
    C++14
    
    Introduction
    
    TransformationTrait
    TransformationTrait
    
    Introduction
  - C++17
    C++17
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-Temporary-materialization
    C++17-Temporary-materialization
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-Structured-binding
    C++17-Structured-binding
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-Parallel-algorithm
    C++17-Parallel-algorithm
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-ExecutionPolicy
    cppreference-ExecutionPolicy
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-inline-varaible
    C++17-inline-varaible
    
    Introduction
  - C++20
    C++20
    
    Introduction
    
    span
    span
    
    Introduction
- CppReference
  CppReference
  - Introduction
  - Basic-concept
    Basic-concept
    
    Introduction
    
    Basic-concepts
    Basic-concepts
    
    Introduction
    
    Declaration-and-definition
    Declaration-and-definition
    
    Introduction
    
    Declaration
    Declaration
    
    Introduction
    
    The-Clockwise-Spiral-Rule
    The-Clockwise-Spiral-Rule
    
    Introduction
    
    Complex-declarations
    Complex-declarations
    
    Introduction
    
    Pointer-to-function-and-function-type
    
    Definition
    Definition
    
    ODR
    
    Object
    Object
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-object
    cppreference-object
    
    Introduction
    
    Object-alignment-requirement
    Object-alignment-requirement
    
    Introduction
    
    Object-type-value
    Object-type-value
    
    Introduction
    
    Lifetime&&storage-duration
    Lifetime&&storage-duration
    
    Object-lifetime
    Object-lifetime
    
    Introduction
    
    Storage-duration
    Storage-duration
    
    Introduction
    
    Static-storage-duration
    Static-storage-duration
    
    Introduction
    
    pabloariasal-C++Initialization-of-Static-Variables
    pabloariasal-C++Initialization-of-Static-Variables
    
    Introduction
    
    Non-local-object
    Non-local-object
    
    Introduction
    
    Static-local-object
    Static-local-object
    
    Introduction
    
    Static-and-dynamic-initialization
    
    Idioms
    Idioms
    
    Introduction
    
    Static-Initialization-Order-Fiasco
    Static-Initialization-Order-Fiasco
    
    Introduction
    
    Construct-On-First-Use-Idiom
    Construct-On-First-Use-Idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    Nifty-Counter-idiom
    Nifty-Counter-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    Attach-by-Initialization-idiom
    Attach-by-Initialization-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    Paper-N2660-Magic-static
    Paper-N2660-Magic-static
    
    Introduction
    
    Thread-local-storage-duration
    Thread-local-storage-duration
    
    Introduction
    
    Access-outside-of-object-lifetime
    Access-outside-of-object-lifetime
    
    Introduction
    
    Case-example
    Case-example
    
    Introduction
    
    Multi-thread&&observer-pattern
    Multi-thread&&observer-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Example
    
    Pure-virtual-method-called
    Pure-virtual-method-called
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-artima-Pure-Virtual-Function-Called-An-Explanation
    TODO-artima-Pure-Virtual-Function-Called-An-Explanation
    
    Introduction
    
    Layout
    Layout
    
    Object-layout
    
    Trivial
    
    Passive-data-structure
    
    Object-operation
    Object-operation
    
    Introduction
    
    Serialization-deserialization
    Serialization-deserialization
    
    Introduction
    
    Binary-representation
    Binary-representation
    
    Introduction
    
    Organization
    Organization
    
    Introduction
    
    Scope
    Scope
    
    Introduction
    
    Scope-resolution-operator
    
    Namespace
    Namespace
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-system
    Type-system
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-system
    Type-system
    
    Introduction
    
    OOP-class-type
    OOP-class-type
    
    Introduction
    
    Polymorphic-type
    
    Byte-type
    Byte-type
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-operation
    Type-operation
    
    Introduction
    
    Query-type
    Query-type
    
    Introduction
    
    decltype
    
    typeid
    typeid
    
    typeid
    
    Print-output-type-info
    Print-output-type-info
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-conversion
    Type-conversion
    
    Introduction
    
    cplusplus-type-conversions
    cplusplus-type-conversions
    
    Introduction
    
    Implicit-conversion
    Implicit-conversion
    
    Introduction
    
    Lvalue-to-rvalue-conversion
    Lvalue-to-rvalue-conversion
    
    Introduction
    
    Decay
    
    Explicit-conversion
    Explicit-conversion
    
    Introduction
    
    Cast-operator
    Cast-operator
    
    Introduction
    
    static_cast
    static_cast
    
    Introduction
    
    dynamic_cast
    dynamic_cast
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-instanceof
    TODO-instanceof
    
    Introduction
    
    const_cast
    const_cast
    
    Introduction
    
    reinterpret_cast
    reinterpret_cast
    
    Introduction
    
    User-defined-conversion
    User-defined-conversion
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-conversion-and-temporary
    Type-conversion-and-temporary
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-inference&&deduction
    Type-inference&&deduction
    
    Introduction
    
    decltype
    decltype
    
    Introduction
    
    microsoft-decltype(C++)
    microsoft-decltype(C++)
    
    Introduction
    
    auto
    auto
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-Placeholder-type-specifiers(since-C++11)
    cppreference-Placeholder-type-specifiers(since-C++11)
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-deduction
    
    size_t-and-ptrdiff_t
    size_t-and-ptrdiff_t
    
    Introduction
    
    pvs-studio-About-size_t-and-ptrdiff_t
    pvs-studio-About-size_t-and-ptrdiff_t
    
    Introduction
    
    ptrdiff_t
    ptrdiff_t
    
    Introduction
    
    size_t
    size_t
    
    Introduction
    
    embedded-Why-size_t-matters
    
    size_t-length
    
    TODO-Type-qualifier
    TODO-Type-qualifier
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-Type-qualifier
    wikipedia-Type-qualifier
    
    Introduction
    
    CV-type-qualifiers
    CV-type-qualifiers
    
    Introduction
    
    const
    const
    
    Introduction
    
    isocpp-Const-Correctness
    isocpp-Const-Correctness
    
    Introduction
    
    const-member
    
    const-compiler-error
    
    volatile
    volatile
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Type-length
    TODO-Type-length
    
    Introduction
    
    Abstract-machine
    Abstract-machine
    
    Introduction
    
    Memory-model
    Memory-model
    
    Introduction
    
    Transactional-memory
    Transactional-memory
    
    Introduction
    
    Execution-model
    Execution-model
    
    Introduction
    
    Reference-and-Value-Semantics
    Reference-and-Value-Semantics
    
    Introduction
    
    akrzemi1-Value-semantics
    akrzemi1-Value-semantics
    
    Introduction
    
    isocpp-faq-Reference-and-Value-Semantics
    isocpp-faq-Reference-and-Value-Semantics
    
    Introduction
    
    By-value-and-by-reference
    By-value-and-by-reference
    
    Introduction
  - Expressions
    Expressions
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-Expressions
    cppreference-Expressions
    
    Introduction
    
    Discarded-value-expressions
    Discarded-value-expressions
    
    Introduction
    
    Cast-to-type-void
    Cast-to-type-void
    
    Introduction
    
    Full-expression
    
    Value-categories
    Value-categories
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-stroustrup-“New”-Value-Terminology
    paper-stroustrup-“New”-Value-Terminology
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-Value-categories
    cppreference-Value-categories
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-thegreenplace-Understanding-lvalues-and-rvalues
    TODO-thegreenplace-Understanding-lvalues-and-rvalues
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-prvalues
    
    C++Order-of-evaluation
    C++Order-of-evaluation
    
    Introduction
    
    josephmansfield-C++sequenced-before-graphs
    josephmansfield-C++sequenced-before-graphs
    
    Introduction
    
    What-is-evaluation-of-expressions
    What-is-evaluation-of-expressions
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-Order-of-evaluation
    cppreference-Order-of-evaluation
    
    Introduction
    
    Enforce-sequencing-between-operand
    Enforce-sequencing-between-operand
    
    Introduction
    
    Operators
    Operators
    
    Introduction
    
    Common-operators
    Common-operators
    
    Comparison-operators
    
    Increment-decrement-operators
    Increment-decrement-operators
    
    Introduction
    
    Error-prone
    
    Pow-operator
    Pow-operator
    
    Introduction
    
    Conversions
    Conversions
    
    Introduction
    
    Memory-allocation
    Memory-allocation
    
    Introduction
    
    sizeof
    
    Member-access-operators
    Member-access-operators
    
    Introduction
    
    Other
    Other
    
    Ellipsis-catch-all-operator
    Ellipsis-catch-all-operator
    
    Introduction
    
    Built-in-comma-operator
    Built-in-comma-operator
    
    Introduction
    
    Operator-overloading
    Operator-overloading
    
    Introduction
    
    Operator-precedence
    Operator-precedence
    
    Introduction
    
    Literals
    Literals
    
    Literals
    
    String-literal
    
    User-defined-literals
    
    Constant-expressions
    Constant-expressions
    
    Introduction
    
    Constant-in-C++
    Constant-in-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    Constant-expressions
    Constant-expressions
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-constexpr
    C++11-constexpr
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Literal-type
    TODO-Literal-type
    
    Introduction
    
    constexpr-and-const
    constexpr-and-const
    
    Introduction
    
    C++20-constexpr-vector-string
    C++20-constexpr-vector-string
    
    Introduction
    
    modernescpp-constexpr-std-vector-and-std-string-in-C++20
    modernescpp-constexpr-std-vector-and-std-string-in-C++20
    
    Introduction
    
    C++20-consteval
    C++20-consteval
    
    Introduction
  - Statements
    Statements
    
    Iteration
    Iteration
    
    Introduction
    
    For-statement
    
    C++11-Range-based-for-loop
    C++11-Range-based-for-loop
    
    Introduction
    
    stackoverflow-make-custom-type-work-with-range-based-for-loops
    stackoverflow-make-custom-type-work-with-range-based-for-loops
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-nextptr-How-C++range-based-for-loop-works
    TODO-nextptr-How-C++range-based-for-loop-works
    
    Introduction
    
    Selection
    Selection
    
    If
    
    Constexpr-if
    
    Switch
  - Functions
    Functions
    
    Introduction
    
    Function
    Function
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-Function-declaration
    cppreference-Function-declaration
    
    Introduction
    
    Function-objects
    Function-objects
    
    Introduction
    
    STL-Function-object
    STL-Function-object
    
    Introduction
    
    std-function
    std-function
    
    Introduction
    
    Examples
    
    std-function-implementation
    std-function-implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    std-bind
    std-bind
    
    Introduction
    
    STL-Functor
    STL-Functor
    
    Introduction
    
    What-is-functor
    What-is-functor
    
    Introduction
    
    Function-call
    Function-call
    
    Introduction
    
    Function-overload
    Function-overload
    
    Introduction
    
    Operator-overload
    Operator-overload
    
    Introduction
    
    Examples
    Examples
    
    Introduction
    
    Overload-resolution
    Overload-resolution
    
    Introduction
    
    accu-Overload-Resolution
    accu-Overload-Resolution
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-Overload-resolution
    cppreference-Overload-resolution
    
    Introduction
    
    Compile-error-Ambiguous-overload
    Compile-error-Ambiguous-overload
    
    Introduction
    
    Overload-in-OOP
    Overload-in-OOP
    
    Introduction
    
    Overload-and-return-type
    Overload-and-return-type
    
    Introduction
    
    Lambda-expression
    Lambda-expression
    
    Introduction
    
    C++14-generalized-lambda-capture
    C++14-generalized-lambda-capture
    
    Introduction
    
    First-class-function
    First-class-function
    
    Introduction
    
    Member-function-as-first-class-function
    Member-function-as-first-class-function
    
    Introduction
    
    Generic-programming
    Generic-programming
    
    Introduction
    
    Callable-concept
    Callable-concept
    
    Introduction
    
    Interface
    Interface
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-std-invoke
    C++17-std-invoke
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-std-apply
    C++17-std-apply
    
    Introduction
    
    Function-as-template-parameter
    Function-as-template-parameter
    
    Introduction
    
    Forwarding-reference&&perfect-forwarding
    Forwarding-reference&&perfect-forwarding
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-forwarding-reference
    C++11-forwarding-reference
    
    Introduction
    
    thegreenplace-Perfect-forwarding-and-universal-references
    thegreenplace-Perfect-forwarding-and-universal-references
    
    Introduction
    
    Perfect-forwarding-parameter
    Perfect-forwarding-parameter
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-std-forward
    C++11-std-forward
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-paper-The-Forwarding-Problem-Arguments
    TODO-paper-The-Forwarding-Problem-Arguments
    
    Introduction
    
    auto&&
    auto&&
    
    Introduction
    
    Generic-forwarding-function
    Generic-forwarding-function
    
    Introduction
    
    Examples
    Examples
    
    Wrapper
    
    Variadic-arguments-function
    Variadic-arguments-function
    
    Variadic-function
    
    Template-function-signature
    Template-function-signature
    
    Introduction
    
    Function-termination
    Function-termination
    
    Introduction
    
    Function-return-type
    Function-return-type
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-Trailing-return-type
    C++11-Trailing-return-type
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-std-result_of
    C++11-std-result_of
    
    Introduction
    
    C++14-Return-type-deduction
    C++14-Return-type-deduction
    
    Introduction
    
    我的实践-auto-return
    我的实践-auto-return
    
    Introduction
  - Reference
    Reference
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-Reference
    cppreference-Reference
    
    Introduction
    
    Pointer-VS-reference
    Pointer-VS-reference
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-C++11-std-reference_wrapper
    TODO-C++11-std-reference_wrapper
    
    Introduction
    
    std-move-and-std-forward
    std-move-and-std-forward
    
    Introduction
    
    Referenceable
    Referenceable
    
    Introduction
  - Exception
    Exception
    
    Introduction
    
    Exception-specification
    Exception-specification
    
    Introduction
    
    Dynamic-exception-specification
    
    gotw-A-Pragmatic-Look-at-Exception-Specifications
    gotw-A-Pragmatic-Look-at-Exception-Specifications
    
    Introduction
    
    Function-try-block
    Function-try-block
    
    Introduction
    
    Exception-Safety
    Exception-Safety
    
    Introduction
    
    boost-Lessons-Learned-from-Specifying-Exception-Safety-for-STL
    boost-Lessons-Learned-from-Specifying-Exception-Safety-for-STL
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-Exception-safety
    wikipedia-Exception-safety
    
    Introduction
    
    STL-exception-safety
    STL-exception-safety
    
    Introduction
    
    Level-of-exception-safety
    Level-of-exception-safety
    
    Introduction
    
    No-throw-guarantee
    No-throw-guarantee
    
    Introduction
    
    Strong-exception-safety
    Strong-exception-safety
    
    Introduction
    
    Exception-Safe-Function-Call
    Exception-Safe-Function-Call
    
    Introduction
    
    gotw-56-Exception-Safe-Function-Calls
    gotw-56-Exception-Safe-Function-Calls
    
    Introduction
    
    gotw-102-Exception-Safe-Function-Calls
    gotw-102-Exception-Safe-Function-Calls
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-vishalchovatiya-C++Exception-Handling-Best-Practices-7-Things-To-Know
    TODO-vishalchovatiya-C++Exception-Handling-Best-Practices-7-Things-To-Know
    
    Introduction
    
    Stack-unwinding
    Stack-unwinding
    
    Introduction
    
    Exception-and-stack-unwinding
    Exception-and-stack-unwinding
    
    Introduction
    
    library-Error-handling
    library-Error-handling
    
    Introduction
    
    std-uncaught_exception
    std-uncaught_exception
    
    Introduction
    
    gotw-47-Uncaught-Exceptions
    gotw-47-Uncaught-Exceptions
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-N4152
    paper-N4152
    
    Introduction
  - Enum
    Enum
    
    Introduction
  - Classes
    Classes
    
    Introduction
    
    Class
    
    Member
    Member
    
    Introduction
    
    Static-member
    Static-member
    
    Introduction
    
    Non-static-member
    Non-static-member
    
    this-pointer
    this-pointer
    
    Introduction
    
    Function-member
    Function-member
    
    Introduction
    
    Data-member
    Data-member
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-default-member-initializer
    C++11-default-member-initializer
    
    Introduction
    
    Object-lifetime
    Object-lifetime
    
    Introduction
    
    Initialization&&deinitialization-order
    Initialization&&deinitialization-order
    
    Introduction
    
    Idioms
    Idioms
    
    Base-from-Member-idiom
    Base-from-Member-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    boost-Base-From-Member
    boost-Base-From-Member
    
    Introduction
    
    Calling-Virtual-During-Initialization-idiom
    Calling-Virtual-During-Initialization-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    Special-member-function
    Special-member-function
    
    Introduction
    
    Common-issue
    Common-issue
    
    Introduction
    
    Require-prohibit
    Require-prohibit
    
    Introduction
    
    Virtual
    Virtual
    
    Introduction
    
    Implicitly-defined
    Implicitly-defined
    
    Introduction
    
    Trivial
    Trivial
    
    Introduction
    
    Constructor
    Constructor
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-Constructor
    cppreference-Constructor
    
    Introduction
    
    Member-initializer-list
    Member-initializer-list
    
    Introduction
    
    Virtual-constructor
    
    Default-constructors
    Default-constructors
    
    Introduction
    
    Copy-constructor
    Copy-constructor
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Use-this-in-constructor
    TODO-Use-this-in-constructor
    
    Introduction
    
    Destructor
    Destructor
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-Destructors
    
    Destructor-execution
    Destructor-execution
    
    Introduction
    
    Destructor-and-inheritance
    Destructor-and-inheritance
    
    Introduction
    
    Virtual-destructor
    Virtual-destructor
    
    Introduction
    
    Destructor-and-exception
    Destructor-and-exception
    
    Introduction
    
    Copy
    Copy
    
    Introduction
    
    Polymorphic-type&©&&Object-slicing
    Polymorphic-type&©&&Object-slicing
    
    Introduction
    
    Virtual-clone
    Virtual-clone
    
    Introduction
    
    More-C++Idioms-Virtual-Constructor
    More-C++Idioms-Virtual-Constructor
    
    Introduction
    
    Non-copyable
    Non-copyable
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-Move
    C++11-Move
    
    Introduction
    
    zhihu-Rvalue-reference
    zhihu-Rvalue-reference
    
    Introduction
    
    stackoverflow-What-is-move-semantics
    stackoverflow-What-is-move-semantics
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-A-Proposal-to-Add-Move-Semantics-Support-to-the-C++Language
    paper-A-Proposal-to-Add-Move-Semantics-Support-to-the-C++Language
    
    Introduction
    
    Move-Constructor
    Move-Constructor
    
    Introduction
    
    More-C++Idioms-Move-Constructor
    More-C++Idioms-Move-Constructor
    
    Introduction
    
    std-move
    std-move
    
    Introduction
    
    warning-binding-rvalue-to-lvalue-reference
    warning-binding-rvalue-to-lvalue-reference
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-foonathan-Guidelines-For-Rvalue-References-In-APIs
    TODO-foonathan-Guidelines-For-Rvalue-References-In-APIs
    
    Introduction
    
    Examples
    Examples
    
    Introduction
    
    Swap
    Swap
    
    Introduction
    
    drdobbs-Andrew-Koenig-Object-Swapping
    drdobbs-Andrew-Koenig-Object-Swapping
    
    Introduction
    
    Swappable-concept-and-swap-value-idiom
    Swappable-concept-and-swap-value-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    Non-throwing-swap-idiom
    Non-throwing-swap-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    More-C++Idioms-Non-throwing-swap
    More-C++Idioms-Non-throwing-swap
    
    Introduction
    
    std-swap
    std-swap
    
    Introduction
    
    Assign
    Assign
    
    Introduction
    
    Virtual-assignment-operator
    Virtual-assignment-operator
    
    Introduction
    
    Non-assignable
    Non-assignable
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Unified-assignment-operator
    TODO-Unified-assignment-operator
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Relocate
    TODO-Relocate
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-P1144R2-Object-relocation-in-terms-of-move-plus-destroy
    paper-P1144R2-Object-relocation-in-terms-of-move-plus-destroy
    
    Introduction
    
    User-defined-conversion
    User-defined-conversion
    
    Introduction
    
    User-defined-conversion-function
    User-defined-conversion-function
    
    Introduction
    
    Converting-constructor
    Converting-constructor
    
    Introduction
    
    operator-bool
    operator-bool
    
    Introduction
    
    Safe-Bool-idiom
    Safe-Bool-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    artima-The-Safe-Bool-Idiom
    artima-The-Safe-Bool-Idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-Explicit-specifier
    C++11-Explicit-specifier
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-open-std-N2333
    paper-open-std-N2333
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-traits
    C++11-traits
    
    Introduction
    
    Member-access
    Member-access
    
    Access-specifiers
    
    Subtyping-polymorphism
    Subtyping-polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    Inheritance
    Inheritance
    
    Introduction
    
    Derived-classes
    Derived-classes
    
    Introduction
    
    Class-hierarchy
    Class-hierarchy
    
    Introduction
    
    Multiple-inheritance
    Multiple-inheritance
    
    Introduction
    
    isocpp-Inheritance-Multiple
    isocpp-Inheritance-Multiple
    
    Introduction
    
    Virtual-inheritance
    Virtual-inheritance
    
    Introduction
    
    Super
    Super
    
    Introduction
    
    Virtual-function
    Virtual-function
    
    Introduction
    
    Override-specifier
    Override-specifier
    
    Introduction
    
    Return-Covariant-Types
    Return-Covariant-Types
    
    Introduction
    
    Pure-virtual-function&&abstract-class
    Pure-virtual-function&&abstract-class
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-final-specifier
    C++11-final-specifier
    
    Introduction
    
    Dispatch
    Dispatch
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Virtual-class
    TODO-Virtual-class
    
    Introduction
    
    Interface
    Interface
    
    Introduction
    
    gotw-What's-In-a-Class-The-Interface-Principle
    gotw-What's-In-a-Class-The-Interface-Principle
    
    Introduction
    
    Empty-base-optimization
    Empty-base-optimization
    
    Introduction
    
    Specifier
    Specifier
    
    Introduction
    
    Overload-VS-override-VS-name-hiding
    Overload-VS-override-VS-name-hiding
    
    Introduction
    
    CppCoreGuidelines-Classes-and-class-hierarchies
    CppCoreGuidelines-Classes-and-class-hierarchies
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-assign-and-operator=
    TODO-assign-and-operator=
    
    Introduction
  - Struct
    Struct
    
    offsetof
    offsetof
    
    Introduction
    
    Struct-initialization
    Struct-initialization
    
    Introduction
    
    struct-pack
    struct-pack
    
    Introduction
    
    The-Lost-Art-of-Structure-Packing
    The-Lost-Art-of-Structure-Packing
    
    Introduction
    
    wikipedia-Data-structure-alignment
    wikipedia-Data-structure-alignment
    
    Introduction
    
    Pragma-pack-macro
  - Union
    Union
    
    Introduction
    
    Union-and-type-punning
    Union-and-type-punning
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-std-aligned_union
    C++11-std-aligned_union
    
    Introduction
  - Initialization
    Initialization
    
    Introduction
    
    Initialization&constructor&conversion
    Initialization&constructor&conversion
    
    Introduction
    
    Initialization
    
    Default-initialization
    Default-initialization
    
    Introduction
    
    C++03-Value-initialization
    C++03-Value-initialization
    
    Introduction
    
    Direct-initialization
    Direct-initialization
    
    Introduction
    
    Copy-initialization
    Copy-initialization
    
    Introduction
    
    Syntax-ambiguity-in-initialization-with-parenthese
    Syntax-ambiguity-in-initialization-with-parenthese
    
    Introduction
    
    akrzemi1-Value-initialization-with-C++
    akrzemi1-Value-initialization-with-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-List-initialization
    C++11-List-initialization
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-List-initialization(since-C+11)
    cppreference-List-initialization(since-C+11)
    
    Introduction
    
    Aggregate-initialization
    Aggregate-initialization
    
    Introduction
    
    Zero-initialization
    Zero-initialization
    
    Introduction
    
    Constant-initialization
    Constant-initialization
    
    Introduction
  - Template
    Template
    
    Introduction
    
    Template-parameters-and-arguments
    Template-parameters-and-arguments
    
    Introduction
    
    Template-parameters-and-template-arguments
    
    Template-template-parameter
    Template-template-parameter
    
    Introduction
    
    STL-container-as-template-parameter
    STL-container-as-template-parameter
    
    Introduction
    
    Non-type-template-parameters
    Non-type-template-parameters
    
    Introduction
    
    Template-specialization
    Template-specialization
    
    Introduction
    
    Specialization-of-template-in-different-namespace
    
    Class-template
    Class-template
    
    Class-template
    
    Member-templates
    
    Template-and-virtual
    Template-and-virtual
    
    Introduction
    
    Virtual-method-template
    Virtual-method-template
    
    Introduction
    
    rivermatrix-C++templates-with-virtual-functions
    rivermatrix-C++templates-with-virtual-functions
    
    Introduction
    
    Class-template-inheritance
    Class-template-inheritance
    
    Introduction
    
    Variadic-inheritance
    Variadic-inheritance
    
    Introduction
    
    Friend-template
    
    Function-template
    Function-template
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-Function-template
    cppreference-Function-template
    
    Introduction
    
    C++14-Variable-template
    C++14-Variable-template
    
    Introduction
    
    Parameter-pack
    Parameter-pack
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-Parameter-pack
    cppreference-Parameter-pack
    
    Introduction
    
    eli.thegreenplace-Variadic-templates-in-C++
    eli.thegreenplace-Variadic-templates-in-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    Operations
    Operations
    
    Introduction
    
    sizeof-parameter-pack
    sizeof-parameter-pack
    
    Introduction
    
    Recursive-variadic-function-template
    Recursive-variadic-function-template
    
    Introduction
    
    Recursive-variadic-class-template
    Recursive-variadic-class-template
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-Fold-expression
    C++17-Fold-expression
    
    Introduction
    
    Variadic-template-VS-ellipsis
    Variadic-template-VS-ellipsis
    
    Introduction
    
    Compile-template
    Compile-template
    
    Introduction
    
    SFINAE
    SFINAE
    
    Introduction
    
    Deduction
    Deduction
    
    Template-argument-deduction
    Template-argument-deduction
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-Class-template-argument-deduction(CTAD)
    C++17-Class-template-argument-deduction(CTAD)
    
    Introduction
    
    Compile-error
    
    Define-template-in-header-file
    Define-template-in-header-file
    
    Introduction
  - Assertion
    Assertion
    
    Assert
  - Alias
    Alias
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-alias
    Type-alias
    
    Introduction
    
    Template-alias
    Template-alias
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-Generator-Idiom
    Type-Generator-Idiom
    
    Introduction
  - C++11-Attribute
    C++11-Attribute
    
    Introduction
    
    Likely-and-unlikely
    Likely-and-unlikely
    
    Introduction
    
    Deprecated
    Deprecated
    
    Introduction
    
    Deprecation
    
    TODO-Fall-through
    TODO-Fall-through
    
    Introduction
    
    Unused
    Unused
    
    Introduction
  - Using
    Using
    
    Introduction
  - C++20-Coroutine
    C++20-Coroutine
    
    Introduction
    
    lewissbaker-C++Coroutine
    lewissbaker-C++Coroutine
    
    Introduction
  - C++standard-document
    C++standard-document
    
    Introduction
  - TODO-Design-C++
    TODO-Design-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    Syntax-ambiguity
    Syntax-ambiguity
    
    Introduction
    
    Data-dependency
    Data-dependency
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Program-order-and-memory-order
- STL
  STL
  - Introduction
  - Design&&implementation
    Design&&implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    STL-Design
    STL-Design
    
    Introduction
    
    Policy-based-design-in-STL
    Policy-based-design-in-STL
    
    Introduction
    
    STL-components
    STL-components
    
    Introduction
    
    GCC-libstdc++
    GCC-libstdc++
    
    Introduction
    
    Dynamic-memory-management
    Dynamic-memory-management
    
    Introduction
    
    20-The-bitmap_allocator
    20-The-bitmap_allocator
    
    Introduction
    
    28-Demangling
    28-Demangling
    
    Introduction
    
    LLVM-libc++
    LLVM-libc++
    
    Introduction
    
    Microsoft-STL
    Microsoft-STL
    
    Introduction
  - Guidelines
    Guidelines
    
    Introduction
    
    Range-based-algorithms
    Range-based-algorithms
    
    Introduction
    
    cpppatterns-Range-based-algorithms
    cpppatterns-Range-based-algorithms
    
    Introduction
    
    drdobbs-STL-Algorithms-Hand-Written-Loops
    drdobbs-STL-Algorithms-Hand-Written-Loops
    
    Introduction
    
    arne-mertz-algorithms-and-the-KISS-principle
    arne-mertz-algorithms-and-the-KISS-principle
    
    Introduction
  - Idiom
    Idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    Iteration
    Iteration
    
    Introduction
    
    Zip
    Zip
    
    Introduction
    
    library-CPPItertools
    library-CPPItertools
    
    Introduction
    
    std-for_each
    std-for_each
    
    Introduction
    
    Clear-and-minimize
    Clear-and-minimize
    
    Introduction
    
    Shrink-to-fit
    
    Erase_if
    Erase_if
    
    Introduction
    
    Erase-remove
    Erase-remove
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Erase-while-iterating
    TODO-Erase-while-iterating
    
    Introduction
    
    Range-access
    Range-access
    
    Introduction
    
    Copy-a-range-of-elements
    Copy-a-range-of-elements
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Filter-and-mapper
    TODO-Filter-and-mapper
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Custom-filter-iterator
    
    bastian.rieck-Implementing-filter-and-map
    bastian.rieck-Implementing-filter-and-map
    
    Introduction
  - Containers
    Containers
    
    Introduction
    
    Common-issue
    Common-issue
    
    Introduction
    
    Memory-management
    Memory-management
    
    Introduction
    
    Iterator-invalidation
    Iterator-invalidation
    
    Introduction
    
    Iterator-invalidation-rules
    Iterator-invalidation-rules
    
    Introduction
    
    Thread-safety
    Thread-safety
    
    Introduction
    
    Generic-container-printer
    Generic-container-printer
    
    Introduction
    
    Concept
    Concept
    
    contiguous_container-concept
    contiguous_container-concept
    
    Introduction
    
    Member-function-table
    Member-function-table
    
    Introduction
    
    Element-access
    Element-access
    
    Introduction
    
    Uniform-consistent-API
    Uniform-consistent-API
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-std-data
    C++17-std-data
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-std-size-std-ssize
    C++17-std-size-std-ssize
    
    Introduction
    
    std-emplace
    std-emplace
    
    Introduction
    
    Custom-emplace
    Custom-emplace
    
    Introduction
    
    std-swap
    std-swap
    
    Introduction
    
    Sequence-container
    Sequence-container
    
    Introduction
    
    std-vector
    std-vector
    
    std-vector-bool
    std-vector-bool
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-gotw-When-Is-a-Container-Not-a-Container
    TODO-gotw-When-Is-a-Container-Not-a-Container
    
    Introduction
    
    Resize-and-reserve
    Resize-and-reserve
    
    Introduction
    
    std-vector-end
    std-vector-end
    
    Introduction
    
    std-list
    std-list
    
    Implementation
    Implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    splice-and-merge
    splice-and-merge
    
    Introduction
    
    Operation
    
    Associative-container
    Associative-container
    
    Introduction
    
    Map
    Map
    
    Introduction
    
    Custom-type-as-key
    Custom-type-as-key
    
    Introduction
    
    C-str-as-key
    
    Enum-as-key
    
    Operations
    Operations
    
    Introduction
    
    std-for_each-map
    
    TODO-Emplace
    TODO-Emplace
    
    Introduction
    
    Values-like-python-dict
    Values-like-python-dict
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Erase_if
    TODO-Erase_if
    
    Introduction
    
    Iteration
    Iteration
    
    Introduction
    
    In-contain
    In-contain
    
    Introduction
    
    Container-adaptors
    Container-adaptors
    
    Introduction
    
    std-priority_queue
    std-priority_queue
    
    Introduction
    
    View
    View
    
    Introduction
    
    span
    span
    
    Introduction
    
    Span-for-multiple-level-pointer
    Span-for-multiple-level-pointer
    
    Introduction
  - Iterator-library
    Iterator-library
    
    Introduction
    
    Course-northwestern-C++Iterators
    Course-northwestern-C++Iterators
    
    Introduction
    
    Operations
    Operations
    
    Introduction
    
    Iterator-to-pointer
    Iterator-to-pointer
    
    Introduction
    
    Stream-iterators
    Stream-iterators
    
    Introduction
    
    Iterator-adaptors
    Iterator-adaptors
    
    Introduction
    
    insert_iterator
    
    front_insert_iterator
    
    back_insert_iterator
    
    const_iterator
    const_iterator
    
    Introduction
    
    Custom-iterator
    Custom-iterator
    
    Introduction
  - Algorithm
    Algorithm
    
    Introduction
    
    std-copy
    std-copy
    
    std-copy
    
    std-transform
    std-transform
    
    Introduction
    
    std-max_element-min_element-minmax_element
    std-max_element-min_element-minmax_element
    
    Introduction
    
    Sum
    Sum
    
    Introduction
    
    binary-search
    binary-search
    
    Introduction
  - C++20-Range-library
    C++20-Range-library
    
    Introduction
    
    Primer
    Primer
    
    Introduction
  - String
    String
    
    Introduction
    
    Char
    Char
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-signed-and-unsigned-char
    
    C-string
    C-string
    
    Introduction
    
    C-string-wrapper
    C-string-wrapper
    
    Introduction
    
    Memory-manipulation
    Memory-manipulation
    
    Introduction
    
    std-memset
    std-memset
    
    Introduction
    
    std-memmove
    std-memmove
    
    Introduction
    
    C++string
    C++string
    
    Introduction
    
    basic_string
    basic_string
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-basic_string_view
    C++17-basic_string_view
    
    Introduction
    
    Implementation
    Implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    char_traits
    char_traits
    
    Introduction
    
    String-operation
    String-operation
    
    Introduction
    
    Comparision
    Comparision
    
    Introduction
    
    Toggle-case
    Toggle-case
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Comma-join
    TODO-Comma-join
    
    Introduction
  - IO-library
    IO-library
    
    Introduction
    
    Buffer
    Buffer
    
    Introduction
    
    Stream-operation
    Stream-operation
    
    Introduction
    
    Predefined-standard-stream-objects
    Predefined-standard-stream-objects
    
    cin
    
    String-IO
    String-IO
    
    basic_stringstream
    
    Formatted-and-unformatted-IO
    Formatted-and-unformatted-IO
    
    Introduction
  - Thread
    Thread
    
    Introduction
    
    Mutex&&lock
    Mutex&&lock
    
    C++11-std-lock
    C++11-std-lock
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-std-scoped_lock
    C++17-std-scoped_lock
    
    Introduction
    
    Locking-strategy
    Locking-strategy
    
    Introduction
    
    Asynchronous-programming
    Asynchronous-programming
    
    Introduction
    
    std-future
    std-future
    
    Introduction
    
    std-promise-and-future
    std-promise-and-future
    
    Introduction
    
    std-promise
    std-promise
    
    Introduction
    
    Reset-rebuild-reconnect-promise-future-channel
    Reset-rebuild-reconnect-promise-future-channel
    
    Introduction
    
    std-async-and-future
    std-async-and-future
    
    Introduction
    
    std-async
    std-async
    
    Introduction
    
    As-member
    As-member
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-std-packaged_task-and-future
    TODO-std-packaged_task-and-future
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-joining_thread
    TODO-joining_thread
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-read-write-lock
    TODO-read-write-lock
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-implementation
    C++11-implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    C++20-Semaphores
    C++20-Semaphores
    
    Introduction
    
    Inter-thread-communication
    Inter-thread-communication
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-modernescpp-Synchronization-with-Atomics
    TODO-modernescpp-Synchronization-with-Atomics
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-modernescpp-Performance-Comparison-of-Condition-Variables-and-Atomics
    TODO-modernescpp-Performance-Comparison-of-Condition-Variables-and-Atomics
    
    Introduction
  - Atomic-operations-library
    Atomic-operations-library
    
    Introduction
  - Utility-library
    Utility-library
    
    Utility-library
    
    Language-support
    Language-support
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-support
    Type-support
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-traits
    Type-traits
    
    Constants
    Constants
    
    Introduction
    
    Relationships
    Relationships
    
    is_convertible
    
    Type-modifications
    Type-modifications
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-transformations
    Type-transformations
    
    conditional
    
    decay
    decay
    
    Introduction
    
    std-numeric_limits
    std-numeric_limits
    
    Introduction
    
    Initializer-list
    Initializer-list
    
    Introduction
    
    General-purpose
    General-purpose
    
    Introduction
    
    Common-vocabulary-types
    Common-vocabulary-types
    
    Introduction
    
    std-tuple
    std-tuple
    
    Introduction
    
    Iterate-and-apply-to-tuple
    Iterate-and-apply-to-tuple
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-aherrmann-Unpacking-Tuples-in-C++14
    TODO-aherrmann-Unpacking-Tuples-in-C++14
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-murrayc-Modern-C++Variadic-template-parameters-and-tuples
    TODO-murrayc-Modern-C++Variadic-template-parameters-and-tuples
    
    Introduction
    
    Tuple-to-string
    Tuple-to-string
    
    Introduction
    
    std-optional
    std-optional
    
    Introduction
    
    std-any
    std-any
    
    Introduction
    
    library-thelink2012-any
    library-thelink2012-any
    
    Introduction
    
    std-variant
    std-variant
    
    Introduction
    
    std-visit
    std-visit
    
    Introduction
    
    std-integer_sequence
    std-integer_sequence
    
    Introduction
    
    CSDN-C++14-make_index_sequence原理
    CSDN-C++14-make_index_sequence原理
    
    Introduction
    
    stackoverflow-Implementation-C++14-make_integer_sequence
    stackoverflow-Implementation-C++14-make_integer_sequence
    
    Introduction
    
    Hash
    Hash
    
    Introduction
    
    General-purpose-hash
    General-purpose-hash
    
    Introduction
  - Dynamic-memory-management
    Dynamic-memory-management
    
    Introduction
    
    Smart-pointer-library
    Smart-pointer-library
    
    Introduction
    
    std-unique_ptr
    std-unique_ptr
    
    Introduction
    
    unique_ptr-as-member
    unique_ptr-as-member
    
    Introduction
    
    Copy-constructor-for-a-class-with-unique_ptr
    Copy-constructor-for-a-class-with-unique_ptr
    
    Introduction
    
    std-shared_ptr
    std-shared_ptr
    
    Introduction
    
    Implementation
    Implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    Guide
    Guide
    
    nextptr-shared_ptr-basics-and-internals
    nextptr-shared_ptr-basics-and-internals
    
    Introduction
    
    nextptr-Using-weak_ptr-for-circular-references
    nextptr-Using-weak_ptr-for-circular-references
    
    Introduction
    
    learncpp-std-shared_ptr
    learncpp-std-shared_ptr
    
    Introduction
    
    shared_ptr-and-this
    shared_ptr-and-this
    
    Introduction
    
    std-enable_shared_from_this
    std-enable_shared_from_this
    
    Introduction
    
    shared_ptr-and-multithread
    shared_ptr-and-multithread
    
    Introduction
    
    atomic_shared_ptr
    atomic_shared_ptr
    
    Introduction
    
    Assignment-operator
    Assignment-operator
    
    Introduction
    
    std-weak_ptr
    std-weak_ptr
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-aliasing-constructor
    TODO-aliasing-constructor
    
    Introduction
    
    auto_ptr
    
    CppCoreGuidelines-Passing-Smart-Pointers
    CppCoreGuidelines-Passing-Smart-Pointers
    
    Introduction
    
    Guideline-strong-exception-safety
    Guideline-strong-exception-safety
    
    Introduction
    
    Prefer-use-object-generator
    Prefer-use-object-generator
    
    Introduction
    
    std-make_unique
    std-make_unique
    
    Introduction
    
    Deep-copy
    Deep-copy
    
    Introduction
    
    std-make_shared
    std-make_shared
    
    Introduction
    
    Prefer-not-use-reset
    Prefer-not-use-reset
    
    Introduction
    
    Guideline-Incomplete-type
    Guideline-Incomplete-type
    
    Introduction
    
    howardhinnant-Incomplete-types-and-shared_ptr-unique_ptr
    howardhinnant-Incomplete-types-and-shared_ptr-unique_ptr
    
    Introduction
    
    Guideline-deep-copy
    Guideline-deep-copy
    
    Introduction
    
    stackexchange-DeepPtr-a-deep-copying-unique_ptr-wrapper
    stackexchange-DeepPtr-a-deep-copying-unique_ptr-wrapper
    
    Introduction
    
    Guideline-covariance
    Guideline-covariance
    
    Introduction
    
    fluentcpp-How-to-Return-a-Smart-Pointer-AND-Use-Covariance
    fluentcpp-How-to-Return-a-Smart-Pointer-AND-Use-Covariance
    
    Introduction
    
    CppCodeReviewers-Covariant-Return-Types-and-Smart-Pointers
    CppCodeReviewers-Covariant-Return-Types-and-Smart-Pointers
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-riptutorial-Covariant-smart-pointer-result(automated-cleanup)
    
    Guideline-subtyping-polymorphism
    Guideline-subtyping-polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    Guideline-overhead
    Guideline-overhead
    
    Introduction
    
    Guideline-custom-deleter
    Guideline-custom-deleter
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-swap-reset-release
    TODO-swap-reset-release
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-pointer_cast
    
    STL-allocator
    STL-allocator
    
    Introduction
    
    Allocator-concept
    Allocator-concept
    
    Introduction
    
    std-allocator
    std-allocator
    
    Introduction
    
    Implementation
    Implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    codeproject-C++Standard-Allocator
    codeproject-C++Standard-Allocator
    
    Introduction
  - Extending-std
    Extending-std
    
    Introduction
  - Extensions
    Extensions
    
    Version-2
    Version-2
    
    Detection-idiom
    Detection-idiom
    
    Introduction
  - Localization-library
    Localization-library
    
    Introduction
    
    GBK-to-UTF8
    GBK-to-UTF8
    
    Introduction
    
    C++实现utf8和gbk编码字符串互相转换
    C++实现utf8和gbk编码字符串互相转换
    
    Introduction
- Library
  Library
  - A-list-of-open-source-Cpp-libraries
  - Boost
    Boost
    
    Introduction
    
    Boost-community
    Boost-community
    
    Community
    
    Generic-programming-technique
    Generic-programming-technique
    
    Introduction
    
    Boost-Book
    Boost-Book
    
    BoostBook
    
    Boost-Concept-Check-Library
    Boost-Concept-Check-Library
    
    Introduction
    
    Boost-Graph-Library
    Boost-Graph-Library
    
    Introduction
    
    A-Quick-Tour-of-the-Boost-Graph-Library
    
    Boost-Graph-Library-Tutorial
    Boost-Graph-Library-Tutorial
    
    Using-adjacency_list
    
    The-Boost-Graph-Interface
    The-Boost-Graph-Interface
    
    The-Boost-Graph-Interface
    
    Visitor-Concepts
    Visitor-Concepts
    
    Visitor-Concepts
    
    Algorithms
    Algorithms
    
    Named-parameters
    
    Core-Searches
    Core-Searches
    
    breadth_first_search
    
    depth_first_search
    
    Example
    Example
    
    bfs-example
    
    Implementation
    Implementation
    
    Graph-representation
    
    Boost-Property-Tree
    Boost-Property-Tree
    
    Property-Tree
    
    Boost-Circular-Buffer
    Boost-Circular-Buffer
    
    Boost-Circular-Buffer
    
    Boost-Array
    Boost-Array
    
    Introduction
    
    Boost-Range
    Boost-Range
    
    Boost-Range
    
    Boost-Algorithm-Library
    Boost-Algorithm-Library
    
    Boost-Algorithm-Library
    
    Boost-Poly-Collection
    Boost-Poly-Collection
    
    Boost-Poly-Collection
    
    Boost-Meta-programming
    Boost-Meta-programming
    
    MPL
    
    Boost-Iterator
    Boost-Iterator
    
    Introduction
    
    Boost-iterator
    
    Iterator-Concepts
    Iterator-Concepts
    
    New-Iterator-Concepts
    
    Iterator-Facade
    
    Iterator-Adaptor
    
    Boost-TypeErasure
    Boost-TypeErasure
    
    Introduction
    
    Boost-Atomic
    Boost-Atomic
    
    Introduction
    
    Boost-Beast-lib
    Boost-Beast-lib
    
    Introduction
    
    span
    span
    
    Introduction
    
    type_traits
    type_traits
    
    Introduction
    
    make_void
    make_void
    
    Introduction
    
    Boost.Intrusive
    Boost.Intrusive
    
    Introduction
  - Communication
    Communication
    
    Introduction
    
    library-libsourcey
    library-libsourcey
    
    Introduction
  - Plugin-system
  - Abseil
    Abseil
    
    Abseil
  - Log
    Log
    
    Introduction
    
    Lightweight-logger
    Lightweight-logger
    
    Introduction
    
    stackoverflow-A-better-LOG-macro-using-template-metaprogramming
    stackoverflow-A-better-LOG-macro-using-template-metaprogramming
    
    Introduction
    
    Bartek-Improving-Print-Logging-with-Line-Pos-Info-&-Modern-C++
    Bartek-Improving-Print-Logging-with-Line-Pos-Info-&-Modern-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    Spdlog
    Spdlog
    
    Introduction
    
    Asynchronous-logging
    Asynchronous-logging
    
    Introduction
    
    Read-code
    Read-code
    
    Introduction
    
    mpmc_blocking_q
    mpmc_blocking_q
    
    Introduction
    
    thread_pool
    thread_pool
    
    Introduction
    
    我的实践
    我的实践
    
    Introduction
    
    SergiusTheBest-plog
    SergiusTheBest-plog
    
    Introduction
  - fmt
    fmt
    
    Introduction
  - Math-library
    Math-library
    
    wikipedia-List-of-numerical-libraries
    wikipedia-List-of-numerical-libraries
    
    Introduction
    
    Linear-algebra
    Linear-algebra
    
    C++linear-algebra
    
    Eigen
    
    Blaze
    Blaze
    
    Introduction
  - Partow
    Partow
    
    Introduction
    
    Strtk
    Strtk
    
    Introduction
    
    Strtk-implementation
    
    exprtk
    exprtk
    
    Introduction
  - Configuration
    Configuration
    
    Introduction
    
    XML
    XML
    
    Introduction
    
    Mazrog-srlzio
    Mazrog-srlzio
    
    Introduction
    
    Read-code
    Read-code
    
    Introduction
    
    Structure-grammar
    Structure-grammar
    
    Introduction
    
    Parsing
    Parsing
    
    Introduction
    
    Rapidxml
    Rapidxml
    
    Introduction
    
    Read-code
    Read-code
    
    Introduction
    
    zeux-pugixml
    zeux-pugixml
    
    Introduction
    
    Read-code
    Read-code
    
    Introduction
    
    Json
    Json
    
    Introduction
    
    nlohmann-json
    nlohmann-json
    
    Introduction
    
    Ini
    Ini
    
    Introduction
  - Unit-testing
    Unit-testing
    
    Introduction
    
    Googletest
    Googletest
    
    Introduction
    
    Primer
    Primer
    
    Introduction
    
    GoogleMock
    GoogleMock
    
    Introduction
    
    google-test-code-coverage
    google-test-code-coverage
    
    Introduction
    
    catchorg-Catch2
    catchorg-Catch2
    
    Introduction
    
    CSDN-catch2一个好用的C++单元测试框架
    CSDN-catch2一个好用的C++单元测试框架
    
    Introduction
  - idealvin-co
    idealvin-co
    
    Introduction
  - chromium
    chromium
    
    Introduction
    
    doc
    doc
    
    Introduction
    
    Read-code
    Read-code
    
    Introduction
    
    atomic
    atomic
    
    Introduction
  - macmade
    macmade
    
    Library-CPP-ARC
    Library-CPP-ARC
    
    Introduction
    
    Library-CPPTraits
    Library-CPPTraits
    
    Introduction
    
    Library-CrashGuard
    Library-CrashGuard
    
    Introduction
    
    Library-PIMPL
    Library-PIMPL
    
    Introduction
  - Folly
    Folly
    
    Introduction
    
    io-async
    io-async
    
    Introduction
  - Serialization&&deserialization
    Serialization&&deserialization
    
    Introduction
    
    library-USCiLab-cereal
    library-USCiLab-cereal
    
    Introduction
    
    Google-Protobuf
    Google-Protobuf
    
    Introduction
  - Command-line
    Command-line
    
    Introduction
  - GUI
    GUI
    
    Introduction
    
    QT
    QT
    
    Introduction
    
    QT-code-generator
    QT-code-generator
    
    Introduction
- Programming-paradigm
  Programming-paradigm
  - Introduction
  - OOP
    OOP
    
    Introduction
  - Generic-programming
    Generic-programming
    
    Introduction
    
    Template-is-behavior-based
    Template-is-behavior-based
    
    Introduction
    
    drdobbs-Templates-and-Duck-Typing
    drdobbs-Templates-and-Duck-Typing
    
    Introduction
    
    Concepts
    Concepts
    
    Introduction
    
    stroustrup-paper-Concepts-The-Future-of-Generic-Programming
    stroustrup-paper-Concepts-The-Future-of-Generic-Programming
    
    Introduction
    
    Named-requirements
    Named-requirements
    
    Introduction
    
    Pre-C++20-concept
    Pre-C++20-concept
    
    Introduction
    
    ConceptC++
    
    Detection-idiom
    Detection-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    More-C++Idioms-Member-Detector
    More-C++Idioms-Member-Detector
    
    Introduction
    
    Detect-member-function
    Detect-member-function
    
    TODO-Check-if-a-class-has-a-member-function-of-a-given-signature
    TODO-Check-if-a-class-has-a-member-function-of-a-given-signature
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Templated-check-for-the-existence-of-a-member-function
    TODO-Templated-check-for-the-existence-of-a-member-function
    
    Introduction
    
    Detect-whether-a-type-is-defined
    Detect-whether-a-type-is-defined
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Raymond-Detecting in C++whether-a-type-is-defined
    TODO-Raymond-Detecting in C++whether-a-type-is-defined
    
    Introduction
    
    tartanllama-Detection-Idiom-A-Stopgap-for-Concepts
    tartanllama-Detection-Idiom-A-Stopgap-for-Concepts
    
    Introduction
    
    Ben-C++Detection-Idiom-Through-the-Years
    Ben-C++Detection-Idiom-Through-the-Years
    
    Introduction
    
    Control-ambiguity-SFINAE-fallback
    Control-ambiguity-SFINAE-fallback
    
    Introduction
    
    std-declval
    std-declval
    
    Introduction
    
    static_assert
    static_assert
    
    Introduction
    
    C++20-concept
    C++20-concept
    
    Introduction
    
    C++20-Concepts-library
    C++20-Concepts-library
    
    Introduction
    
    Regular-type
    Regular-type
    
    Introduction
    
    std-regular
    std-regular
    
    Introduction
    
    Custom-static-polymorphism-idioms
    Custom-static-polymorphism-idioms
    
    Introduction
    
    Trait
    Trait
    
    Introduction
    
    Example
    
    Type-Trait
    Type-Trait
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-traits-vs-concepts
    
    Function-trait
    Function-trait
    
    Introduction
    
    SFINAE-based
    SFINAE-based
    
    Introduction
    
    SFINAE-based-custom-polymorphism-precondition
    SFINAE-based-custom-polymorphism-precondition
    
    Introduction
    
    Helper-functions
    Helper-functions
    
    Introduction
    
    std-enable_if
    std-enable_if
    
    Introduction
    
    boost-enable_if
    boost-enable_if
    
    Introduction
    
    thegreenplace-SFINAE-and-enable_if
    thegreenplace-SFINAE-and-enable_if
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-std-void_t
    C++17-std-void_t
    
    void_t
    
    Class-template-SFINAE
    Class-template-SFINAE
    
    Introduction
    
    Function-template-SFINAE
    Function-template-SFINAE
    
    Introduction
    
    Expression-SFINAE
    Expression-SFINAE
    
    Introduction
    
    Tag-Dispatching
    Tag-Dispatching
    
    Introduction
    
    C++17-Constexpr-if
    C++17-Constexpr-if
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-bfilipek-Simplify-code-with-if-constexpr-in-C++17
    TODO-bfilipek-Simplify-code-with-if-constexpr-in-C++17
    
    Introduction
    
    Dispatch-based-on-constant
    Dispatch-based-on-constant
    
    Introduction
  - TMP
    TMP
    
    Introduction
    
    TMP-and-FP
    TMP-and-FP
    
    Introduction
  - AOP
    AOP
    
    Introduction
    
    Execute-Around-Pointer-idiom
    Execute-Around-Pointer-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    AspectC++
    AspectC++
    
    Introduction
    
    accu-AOP+CRTP
    accu-AOP+CRTP
    
    Introduction
    
    cpp11_template_alias
    cpp11_template_alias
    
    Introduction
    
    my-library-Timeit
    my-library-Timeit
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-vitiy-C++11-functional-decomposition–easy-way-to-do-AOP
    TODO-vitiy-C++11-functional-decomposition–easy-way-to-do-AOP
    
    Introduction
  - FP
    FP
    
    Introduction
  - Polymorphism
    Polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    Classification
    Classification
    
    Introduction
    
    External-and-Internal-Polymorphism
    External-and-Internal-Polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Static-and-dynamic-polymorphism
    TODO-Static-and-dynamic-polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    Built-in-internal-polymorphism
    Built-in-internal-polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    Specialization-and-overload
    Specialization-and-overload
    
    Introduction
    
    Specialization-and-subclass-inheritance
    Specialization-and-subclass-inheritance
    
    Introduction
    
    Custom-polymorphism
    Custom-polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    Signature-Based-polymorphism
    Signature-Based-polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    wiki.c2-External-Polymorphism
    wiki.c2-External-Polymorphism
    
    Introduction
    
    Generic-function-pattern
    Generic-function-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Assemble-and-multiple-dispatch
    Assemble-and-multiple-dispatch
    
    Introduction
    
    Polymorphic-object-container
    Polymorphic-object-container
    
    Introduction
    
    Polymorphic-containers-with-value-semantic
    Polymorphic-containers-with-value-semantic
    
    Introduction
  - Polymorphic-value-type
    Polymorphic-value-type
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-Erasure
    Type-Erasure
    
    Introduction
    
    sodocumentation-C++type-erasure
    sodocumentation-C++type-erasure
    
    Introduction
    
    stackoverflow-Type-erasure-techniques
    stackoverflow-Type-erasure-techniques
    
    Introduction
    
    Custom-virtual-function-table
    Custom-virtual-function-table
    
    Introduction
    
    Small-object-buffer-optimization
    Small-object-buffer-optimization
    
    Introduction
    
    More-C++Idioms-Type-Erasure
    More-C++Idioms-Type-Erasure
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-akrzemi1-Type-erasure
    TODO-akrzemi1-Type-erasure
    
    Introduction
    
    Polymorphic-Value-Types-idiom
    Polymorphic-Value-Types-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    open-std-paper-A-polymorphic-value-type-for-C++
    open-std-paper-A-polymorphic-value-type-for-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    library-jbcoe-polymorphic_value
    library-jbcoe-polymorphic_value
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-artima-On-the-Tension-Between-OOP-and-GP-in-C++
    TODO-artima-On-the-Tension-Between-OOP-and-GP-in-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-programmer-C++value-polymorphism-between-traditional-polymorphism-and-type-erasure
    TODO-programmer-C++value-polymorphism-between-traditional-polymorphism-and-type-erasure
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-stackexchange-Polymorphic(owned)-reference-wrapper-for-class-hierarchies
    TODO-stackexchange-Polymorphic(owned)-reference-wrapper-for-class-hierarchies
    
    Introduction
  - Polymorphic-value-type-OOP-GP
    Polymorphic-value-type-OOP-GP
    
    Introduction
    
    ixodoi.expertscolumn-C++ Programming-void-pointer-VS-template
    ixodoi.expertscolumn-C++ Programming-void-pointer-VS-template
    
    Introduction
- Idiom
  Idiom
  - Introduction
  - OOP
    OOP
    
    Introduction
    
    Named-Constructor-idiom
    Named-Constructor-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    Named-Parameter
    Named-Parameter
    
    Introduction
    
    Requiring-or-Prohibiting-Heap-based-Objects-idiom
    Requiring-or-Prohibiting-Heap-based-Objects-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    Temporary-Proxy
    Temporary-Proxy
    
    Introduction
    
    Address-of-idiom
    Address-of-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    Pointer-to-implementation-PImpl
    Pointer-to-implementation-PImpl
    
    Introduction
    
    GotW-24-Compilation-Firewalls
    GotW-24-Compilation-Firewalls
    
    Introduction
    
    GotW-100-Compilation-Firewalls
    GotW-100-Compilation-Firewalls
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-GotW-101-Compilation-Firewalls-Part-2
    TODO-GotW-101-Compilation-Firewalls-Part-2
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-PImpl
    cppreference-PImpl
    
    Introduction
    
    Custom-input-output-operator
    Custom-input-output-operator
    
    Virtual-Friend-Function-Idiom
    Virtual-Friend-Function-Idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    Overload-input-output-operator
    
    MSVC-错误C2678-没有找到接受std-ostream类型的左操作数的运算符
    MSVC-错误C2678-没有找到接受std-ostream类型的左操作数的运算符
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Attorney-Client
    TODO-Attorney-Client
    
    Attorney-Client
    
    TODO-Temporary-Base-Class
    TODO-Temporary-Base-Class
    
    Introduction
  - Generic-programming
    Generic-programming
    
    Introduction
    
    Policy-based-design
    Policy-based-design
    
    Introduction
    
    CRTP
    CRTP
    
    Introduction
    
    thegreenplace-CRTP-in-C++
    thegreenplace-CRTP-in-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    Variadic-CRTP
    Variadic-CRTP
    
    Introduction
    
    Derived-class-template-CRTP
    Derived-class-template-CRTP
    
    Introduction
    
    Expression-Template
    Expression-Template
    
    Introduction
    
    Recursive-Type-Composition
    Recursive-Type-Composition
    
    Introduction
    
    Metafunction
    Metafunction
    
    Introduction
    
    Object-Generator
    Object-Generator
    
    Introduction
    
    Return-Type-Resolver
    Return-Type-Resolver
    
    Introduction
    
    Coercion-by-Member-Template
    Coercion-by-Member-Template
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Barton–Nackman-trick
    TODO-Barton–Nackman-trick
    
    Introduction
  - Object-based-resource-management
    Object-based-resource-management
    
    Introduction
    
    Copyable-and-movable
    Copyable-and-movable
    
    Introduction
    
    RAII
    RAII
    
    Introduction
    
    Essential-C++
    
    Rule-of-zero-three-five
    Rule-of-zero-three-five
    
    Introduction
    
    feabhas-Rule-of-Three-and-a-half
    feabhas-Rule-of-Three-and-a-half
    
    Introduction
    
    feabhas-Rule-of-Four-and-a-half
    feabhas-Rule-of-Four-and-a-half
    
    Introduction
    
    feabhas-Rule-of-Zero
    feabhas-Rule-of-Zero
    
    Introduction
    
    florianwolters-The-Rule-of-Zero
    florianwolters-The-Rule-of-Zero
    
    Introduction
    
    drdobbs-C++Made-Easier-The-Rule-of-Three
    drdobbs-C++Made-Easier-The-Rule-of-Three
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-Rule-of-three-five-zero
    cppreference-Rule-of-three-five-zero
    
    Introduction
    
    Rule-of-Zero
    Rule-of-Zero
    
    Introduction
    
    Examples
    Examples
    
    Introduction
    
    Copy-and-swap-idiom
    Copy-and-swap-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    Scope-guard
    Scope-guard
    
    Introduction
    
    drdobbs-Generic-Change-the-Way-You-Write-Exception-Safe-Code
    drdobbs-Generic-Change-the-Way-You-Write-Exception-Safe-Code
    
    Introduction
    
    C++and-Beyond2012-Systematic-Error-Handling-in-C++
    C++and-Beyond2012-Systematic-Error-Handling-in-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    CppCon2015-Declarative-Control-Flow
    CppCon2015-Declarative-Control-Flow
    
    Introduction
    
    Implementation
    Implementation
    
    SergiusTheBest-ScopeExit
    SergiusTheBest-ScopeExit
    
    Introduction
    
    Neargye-ScopExit
    Neargye-ScopExit
    
    Introduction
    
    ricab-scope_guard
    ricab-scope_guard
    
    Introduction
    
    boost-ScopeExit
    boost-ScopeExit
    
    Introduction
    
    evgeny-panasyuk-stack_unwinding
    evgeny-panasyuk-stack_unwinding
    
    Introduction
    
    Transaction
    Transaction
    
    Introduction
    
    Resource-return
    Resource-return
    
    Introduction
    
    Returning-unique_ptr-from-functions
    Returning-unique_ptr-from-functions
    
    Introduction
  - Error-handling
    Error-handling
    
    Introduction
    
    Polymorphic-Exception
    Polymorphic-Exception
    
    Introduction
    
    Construction-Tracker
    Construction-Tracker
    
    Introduction
  - gertrudandcope-C++Idioms
    gertrudandcope-C++Idioms
    
    Introduction
    
    Handle-body-based
    Handle-body-based
    
    Introduction
    
    Handle-Body
    Handle-Body
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Counted-Body
    TODO-Counted-Body
    
    Introduction
- Design-pattern
  Design-pattern
  - Introduction
  - Singleton
    Singleton
    
    Introduction
    
    Singleton-mixin
    Singleton-mixin
    
    Introduction
    
    Avoid-singletons
    Avoid-singletons
    
    Introduction
    
    aristeia-paper-Perils-of-Double-Checked-Lock
    aristeia-paper-Perils-of-Double-Checked-Lock
    
    Introduction
    
    Global-VS-singleton
    Global-VS-singleton
    
    Introduction
  - Factory
    Factory
    
    Introduction
    
    Factory-mixin
  - Visitor-pattern
    Visitor-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    thegreenplace-A-polyglot's-guide-to-multiple-dispatch
    thegreenplace-A-polyglot's-guide-to-multiple-dispatch
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-gieseanw-Stop-reimplementing-the-virtual-table-and-start-using-double-dispatch
    TODO-gieseanw-Stop-reimplementing-the-virtual-table-and-start-using-double-dispatch
    
    Introduction
  - Decorator
    Decorator
    
    Introduction
  - Adaptor-pattern
    Adaptor-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    Adaptor-external-polymorphism-pattern
    Adaptor-external-polymorphism-pattern
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-paper-vanderbilt.edu-External-Polymorphism
    TODO-paper-vanderbilt.edu-External-Polymorphism
    
    Introduction
  - Mixin
    Mixin
    
    Introduction
    
    fluentcpp-Mixin-Classes-The-Yang-of-the-CRTP
    fluentcpp-Mixin-Classes-The-Yang-of-the-CRTP
    
    Introduction
    
    Parameterized-Base-Class
    Parameterized-Base-Class
    
    Introduction
    
    Variadic-mixin
    Variadic-mixin
    
    Introduction
  - Assemble-as-chain
    Assemble-as-chain
    
    Introduction
  - Design-by-contract
    Design-by-contract
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-p0380r1-the contract proposal
    TODO-p0380r1-the contract proposal
    
    Introduction
- Resource-management
  Resource-management
  - Introduction
  - Guide
    Guide
    
    Introduction
    
    Resource-ownership
    Resource-ownership
    
    Introduction
    
    Object-based-resource-management
    Object-based-resource-management
    
    Introduction
    
    CppCoreGuidelines-Resource-Management
    CppCoreGuidelines-Resource-Management
    
    Introduction
  - Memory-management
    Memory-management
    
    Introduction
    
    Dynamic-allocation
    Dynamic-allocation
    
    Introduction
    
    malloc
    malloc
    
    Introduction
    
    Thread-safety-Reentrancy
    Thread-safety-Reentrancy
    
    Introduction
    
    realloc
    realloc
    
    Introduction
    
    new-operator
    new-operator
    
    Introduction
    
    Placement-new
    Placement-new
    
    Introduction
    
    operator-new-operator-new[]
    operator-new-operator-new[]
    
    Introduction
    
    Thread-safety-Reentrancy
    Thread-safety-Reentrancy
    
    Introduction
    
    delete-operator
    delete-operator
    
    Introduction
    
    Implementation
    Implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    Boundary-tag
    Boundary-tag
    
    Introduction
    
    Arena
    Arena
    
    Introduction
    
    Free-store
    Free-store
    
    Introduction
    
    Free-list
    Free-list
    
    Introduction
    
    Buddy-allocation
    Buddy-allocation
    
    Introduction
    
    Slab-allocation
    Slab-allocation
    
    Introduction
    
    library-jemalloc
    library-jemalloc
    
    Introduction
    
    paper
    paper
    
    Introduction
    
    library-tcmalloc
    library-tcmalloc
    
    Introduction
    
    Design
    Design
    
    Introduction
    
    C-VS-C++
    C-VS-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    Allocate-aligned-memory
    Allocate-aligned-memory
    
    Introduction
    
    Allocate-aligned-memory-manually
    Allocate-aligned-memory-manually
    
    Introduction
    
    POSIX-allocate-aligned-memory
    POSIX-allocate-aligned-memory
    
    Introduction
    
    Align-to-cacheline-word
    Align-to-cacheline-word
    
    Introduction
    
    Memory-access
    Memory-access
    
    Introduction
    
    Pointer&&array
    Pointer&&array
    
    Introduction
    
    Pointer
    Pointer
    
    Introduction
    
    Pointer
    Pointer
    
    Introduction
    
    Pointer-to-void
    Pointer-to-void
    
    Introduction
    
    thegreenplace-void-pointer-and-casts-in-C-and-C++
    thegreenplace-void-pointer-and-casts-in-C-and-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    Multiple-level-pointer
    Multiple-level-pointer
    
    Introduction
    
    Pointer-and-integer
    Pointer-and-integer
    
    Introduction
    
    uintptr_t-and-intptr_t
    uintptr_t-and-intptr_t
    
    Introduction
    
    Conversion
    
    Pointer-length
    Pointer-length
    
    Introduction
    
    Pointer-to-member
    Pointer-to-member
    
    Introduction
    
    Pointer-to-member-function
    Pointer-to-member-function
    
    Introduction
    
    Trait
    Trait
    
    Introduction
    
    Null-pointer
    Null-pointer
    
    Introduction
    
    NULL-'0'-0-nullptr
    NULL-'0'-0-nullptr
    
    Introduction
    
    nullptr-idiom
    nullptr-idiom
    
    Introduction
    
    Array
    Array
    
    Introduction
    
    stackoverflow-How-do-I-use-array-in-C++
    stackoverflow-How-do-I-use-array-in-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    cppreference-Array-declaration
    
    Array-initialization
    Array-initialization
    
    Introduction
    
    Array-in-template
    Array-in-template
    
    Introduction
    
    Create-array
    Create-array
    
    Introduction
    
    Variable-length-automatic-stack-array
    Variable-length-automatic-stack-array
    
    Introduction
    
    Multidimensional-array
    Multidimensional-array
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Dynamic-multiple-dimension-array
    TODO-Dynamic-multiple-dimension-array
    
    Introduction
    
    Array-length
    Array-length
    
    Introduction
    
    Array-index
    Array-index
    
    Introduction
    
    std-array
    std-array
    
    Introduction
    
    std-make_array
    std-make_array
    
    Introduction
    
    Alignment
    Alignment
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-alignof-operator
    C++11-alignof-operator
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-std-alignment_of
    C++11-std-alignment_of
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-std-max_align_t
    C++11-std-max_align_t
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-alignas-specifier
    C++11-alignas-specifier
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-std-align
    C++11-std-align
    
    Introduction
    
    C++11-std-aligned_storage
    C++11-std-aligned_storage
    
    Introduction
    
    library-aguinet-intmem
    library-aguinet-intmem
    
    Introduction
    
    Memory-error
    Memory-error
    
    Introduction
    
    Memory-safety
    Memory-safety
    
    Introduction
    
    Segmentation-fault
    Segmentation-fault
    
    Introduction
    
    Identify-what's-causing-segmentation-faults-(segfaults)
    
    TODO-SEGFAULT-and-alignment
    TODO-SEGFAULT-and-alignment
    
    Introduction
    
    __strcpy_sse2_unaligned
    __strcpy_sse2_unaligned
    
    Introduction
    
    Bus-error
    Bus-error
    
    Introduction
    
    Double-free
    Double-free
    
    Introduction
    
    Out-of-bound
    Out-of-bound
    
    Introduction
    
    Dereference-null-pointer
    Dereference-null-pointer
    
    Introduction
    
    Dangling-and-wild-pointer
    Dangling-and-wild-pointer
    
    Introduction
    
    OOM
    OOM
    
    Introduction
    
    Stack-overflow
    Stack-overflow
    
    Introduction
    
    Buffer-overflow
    Buffer-overflow
    
    Introduction
    
    Memory-leak
    Memory-leak
    
    Memory-leak
    
    Tools
    
    Memory-debugger
    Memory-debugger
    
    Introduction
    
    GC
    GC
    
    Introduction
- CppCoreGuidelines
  CppCoreGuidelines
  - Introduction
  - Read-note
    Read-note
    
    Introduction
    
    Pro-Profiles
    Pro-Profiles
    
    Introduction
  - gsl-suppress
  - GSL-Guidelines-support-library
    GSL-Guidelines-support-library
    
    Introduction
    
    gsl-not_null
    gsl-not_null
    
    Introduction
    
    Microsoft-GSL
    Microsoft-GSL
    
    Introduction
    
    Assertions
    Assertions
    
    Introduction
    
    Utilities
    Utilities
    
    Introduction
    
    Pointers
    Pointers
    
    Introduction
- Guide
  Guide
  - Comment
    Comment
    
    Comment
    
    Doxygen
    Doxygen
    
    Introduction
  - Style-guide
    Style-guide
    
    Introduction
  - Temporary
    Temporary
    
    Introduction
  - Order
    Order
    
    Introduction
  - Header-only-library
    Header-only-library
    
    Introduction
  - Memory-model&&atomic-library
    Memory-model&&atomic-library
    
    Introduction
    
    Design
    Design
    
    Introduction
    
    Multiple-level-memory-model
    Multiple-level-memory-model
    
    Introduction
    
    sciencedirect-Shared-Memory-Application-Programming
    sciencedirect-Shared-Memory-Application-Programming
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-zhihu-C++11-memory-order
    TODO-zhihu-C++11-memory-order
    
    1
    
    TODO-2
    
    Why-need-memory-model
    Why-need-memory-model
    
    Introduction
    
    Bjarne-Stroustrup
    Bjarne-Stroustrup
    
    Introduction
    
    stackoverflow-C++Memory-model
    stackoverflow-C++Memory-model
    
    Introduction
    
    Herb-Sutter
    Herb-Sutter
    
    Introduction
    
    Guide
    Guide
    
    TODO-CSDN-wxj1992-C++memory-order
    TODO-CSDN-wxj1992-C++memory-order
    
    Introduction
    
    modernescpp-C++Memory-Model
    modernescpp-C++Memory-Model
    
    1-C++Memory-Model.md
    
    2-Sequential-Consistency
    
    Acquire-Release-Fences
    Acquire-Release-Fences
    
    Introduction
    
    Acquire-Release-Semantic
    Acquire-Release-Semantic
    
    Introduction
    
    Atomic-operations-library
    Atomic-operations-library
    
    Introduction
    
    std-memory_order
    std-memory_order
    
    Introduction
    
    Formal-description
    Formal-description
    
    Introduction
    
    Explanation
    Explanation
    
    Introduction
    
    Relaxed-ordering
    Relaxed-ordering
    
    Introduction
    
    Release-Acquire-ordering
    Release-Acquire-ordering
    
    Introduction
    
    Release-Consume-ordering
    Release-Consume-ordering
    
    Introduction
    
    Sequentially-consistent-ordering
    Sequentially-consistent-ordering
    
    Introduction
    
    Full-memory-barrier
    Full-memory-barrier
    
    Introduction
    
    Summary
    Summary
    
    Introduction
    
    Happens-before
    Happens-before
    
    Introduction
    
    Atomic-Boolean
    Atomic-Boolean
    
    Introduction
    
    std-atomic_flag
    std-atomic_flag
    
    Introduction
    
    std-atomic_flag-and-spinlock
    std-atomic_flag-and-spinlock
    
    Introduction
    
    modernescpp-The-Atomic-Flag
    modernescpp-The-Atomic-Flag
    
    Introduction
    
    modernescpp-Atomic-Boolean
    modernescpp-Atomic-Boolean
    
    Introduction
    
    std-atomic_bool-VS-bool
    std-atomic_bool-VS-bool
    
    Introduction
    
    Fence
    Fence
    
    Introduction
    
    std-atomic_signal_fence
    std-atomic_signal_fence
    
    Introduction
    
    compare_exchange
    compare_exchange
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-herbsutter-write-a-CAS-loop
    TODO-herbsutter-write-a-CAS-loop
    
    Introduction
    
    Implementation
    Implementation
    
    Introduction
    
    cl.cam.ac.uk-C-C++11-mappings-to-processors
    cl.cam.ac.uk-C-C++11-mappings-to-processors
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Implementation-on-x86
    TODO-Implementation-on-x86
    
    Introduction
    
    C++VS-Java-memory-model
    C++VS-Java-memory-model
    
    Introduction
    
    cl.cam.uk-Cppmem
    cl.cam.uk-Cppmem
    
    Introduction
  - Type-相关
    Type-相关
    
    Strong-type
    Strong-type
    
    Introduction
    
    Incomplete-type
    Incomplete-type
    
    Introduction
    
    Opaque-data-type
    Opaque-data-type
    
    Introduction
    
    Opaque-pointer
    Opaque-pointer
    
    Introduction
    
    Delete-incomplete-type
    Delete-incomplete-type
    
    Introduction
    
    Check-incomplete-type
    Check-incomplete-type
    
    Introduction
    
    Reflection
    Reflection
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-N3996-Static-reflection
    paper-N3996-Static-reflection
    
    Introduction
    
    vollmann-Metaclasses-and-Reflection-in-C++
    vollmann-Metaclasses-and-Reflection-in-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    thegreenplace-Parsing-C++in-Python-with-Clang
    thegreenplace-Parsing-C++in-Python-with-Clang
    
    Introduction
    
    Library-rttr
    Library-rttr
    
    Introduction
    
    struct-RTTI
    struct-RTTI
    
    Introduction
    
    Interpretation-model
    Interpretation-model
    
    Introduction
    
    Aliasing
    Aliasing
    
    Introduction
    
    Strict-aliasing
    Strict-aliasing
    
    Introduction
    
    stackoverflow-C-language-strict-aliasing-rule
    stackoverflow-C-language-strict-aliasing-rule
    
    Introduction
    
    Type-punning
    Type-punning
    
    Introduction
    
    Aliasing-by-pointer-conversion
    Aliasing-by-pointer-conversion
    
    Introduction
    
    quarkslab-Unaligned-accesse-what-why-solution
    quarkslab-Unaligned-accesse-what-why-solution
    
    Introduction
    
    cmu.edu-EXP36-C
    cmu.edu-EXP36-C
    
    Introduction
    
    pzemtsov -A-bug-story-data-alignment-on-x86
    pzemtsov -A-bug-story-data-alignment-on-x86
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-memcpy-and-type-punning
    TODO-memcpy-and-type-punning
    
    Introduction
    
    argv-alignment
    argv-alignment
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-Trap-representation
    TODO-Trap-representation
    
    Introduction
  - Guard
    Guard
    
    Introduction
  - Wrapper
    Wrapper
    
    Introduction
    
    Wrapper-function
  - Compile-time&&run-time
    Compile-time&&run-time
    
    Introduction
    
    Compile-time-computation
    Compile-time-computation
    
    Introduction
    
    Use-static-info-to-optimize
    Use-static-info-to-optimize
    
    Introduction
  - Specifiers
    Specifiers
    
    Introduction
    
    Specifiers
    
    extern
    extern
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-static
    TODO-static
    
    Introduction
    
    Static-function
    
    Static-in-header-file
    
    C-static
    
    How-compiler-and-linker-resolve-static
    
    inline
    inline
    
    Introduction
    
    cv
    cv
    
    Introduction
  - Configuration-option
    Configuration-option
    
    Introduction
- Performance-optimization
  Performance-optimization
  - Introduction
  - Benchmark
    Benchmark
    
    Introduction
  - Memory
    Memory
    
    Introduction
    
    Small-Buffer-Optimization
    Small-Buffer-Optimization
    
    Introduction
    
    We-Know-Where-You-Live-optimization
    We-Know-Where-You-Live-optimization
    
    Introduction
  - Bound
    Bound
    
    Introduction
  - Optimizing-software-in-C++
    Optimizing-software-in-C++
    
    Introduction
  - developer.51cto-高性能开发的十大武器
    developer.51cto-高性能开发的十大武器
    
    Introduction
- Expert
  Expert
  - Bjarne-Stroustrup
    Bjarne-Stroustrup
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-Foundations-of-C++
    paper-Foundations-of-C++
    
    Introduction
    
    paper-A-rationale-for-semantically-enhanced-library-languages
    paper-A-rationale-for-semantically-enhanced-library-languages
    
    Introduction
    
    TODO-paper-Supporting-SELL-for-High-Performance-Computing
    TODO-paper-Supporting-SELL-for-High-Performance-Computing
    
    Introduction
  - Herb-Sutter
    Herb-Sutter
    
    Introduction
    
    Library-gcpp
    Library-gcpp
    
    Introduction
    
    Effective-Concurrency-Serial
    Effective-Concurrency-Serial
    
    Introduction
    
    Lock-Free-Programming-or-How-to-Juggle-Razor-Blades
    Lock-Free-Programming-or-How-to-Juggle-Razor-Blades
    
    Introduction
    
    PPT
    PPT
    
    Introduction
    
    infoq-Lock-free-Programming-in-C++
    infoq-Lock-free-Programming-in-C++
    
    Introduction
  - Scott-Meyers
    Scott-Meyers
    
    Introduction
    
    Top-C++Serial
    Top-C++Serial
    
    Introduction
  - Andrei-Alexandrescu
    Andrei-Alexandrescu
    
    Introduction
    
    Modern-C++Design
    Modern-C++Design
    
    Introduction
    
    Library-Loki
    Library-Loki
    
    Introduction
  - MattPD-cpplinks
    MattPD-cpplinks
    
    Introduction
  - Martin-Moene
    Martin-Moene
    
    Introduction
    
    span-lite
    span-lite
    
    Introduction
    
    gsl-lite
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Type system

本文描述python的type system。

Duck type

duck-typing

为各种操作都指定special method。

python duck type的实现

参见3. Data model¶的3.2. The standard type hierarchy¶的Custom classes章节。

duck type and attribute access。

显然，python duck type的实现是和它的run model、data model密切相关的。

Type system

Duck type

python duck type的实现

typing — Support for type hints¶

The standard type hierarchy¶

`typing` — Support for type hints¶